CONTRACEPTIVE CHOICES

Contraceptive Choices



Name:

Title: Contraceptive choices for women with HIV

Main Themes:

Patho Physiology

Hormonal and non hormonal methods

Barrier methods

Risks and benefits

Implications for family planning services

Literature Review

Baskin, A. (2006). Woman rebel. Stony Brook, NY: Archives of Social History. Pp 65-69.

D'Emilio, J. (2008). Intimate matters: A history of sexuality in America. New York: Harper & Row. Pp 56-60.

Hatcher, R. (2004). Contraceptive technology (18th ed.). New York: Ardent Media. pp 12-15.

Pincus, G. (2005). The control of fertility. New York: Academic Press. Pp 65-69.

Baskin, A. (2006). Woman rebel. Stony Brook, NY: Archives of Social History. Pp 65-69.

Points to be discussed:

Methods of contraception

Their existing and potential use for women with HIV

Why certain methods are not offered

A woman's and service provider's views

How services can be developed to respond to findings

Contraceptive Choices

Introduction

This study seeks to explore the perspectives of young women in Uganda with the aim of better informing re HIV prevention. Group discussions and interviews were used to explore issues relating to HIV prevention. An inductive content analysis identified emerging themes and patterns in the participants' conversations. The study revealed that, although young women were informed and motivated to prevent HIV, poverty and inequality were significant barriers, limiting their power to protect themselves. The research adds evidence to the current argument that failure to address the disempowering effects of poverty and gender inequality limits the effectiveness of current HIV prevention for young women. HIV prevention must now address poverty and gender vulnerabilities, promoting a protective environment, rather than focusing on influencing individual sexual behaviour.

Main themes

Here are main themes which are followed in the study of Contraceptive Choices for Women with HIV.

Patho Physiology

Pathophysiology of AIDS is complex, as is the case with all the syndromes. Ultimately, HIV causes AIDS by depleting CD4 + T-helper lymphocytes. It weakens the immune system and allows opportunistic infections. T-lymphocytes play an important role in immune response and without them, the body can not fight infections or kill cancer cells. The mechanism of CD4 + T-cell depletion is different in acute and chronic phase.

During the acute phase of HIV-induced cell lysis and killing of infected cells by cytotoxic T cells of T-CD4 + cell depletion, although apoptosis may also be a factor. In the chronic stage, the consequences of generalized immune activation in conjunction with the gradual loss of the ability of the immune system to generate new T cells appear to account for the slow decrease in + T cells in CD4 numbers. ( Garrow, 2004. 98 )

Although signs of immune deficiency characteristic of AIDS do not appear for years after a person is infected, the majority of CD4 + T-cell loss occurs during the first weeks after infection, especially in the intestinal mucosa, which carries a majority of lymphocytes found in the body. The reason for the preferential loss of mucosal CD4 + T cells is that the majority of mucosal CD4 + T cells express CCR5 coreceptor, while a small proportion of CD4 + T cells in the blood do.

Hormonal and non Hormonal methods

This, frankly negative, attitude towards ...