According to diverse sources, since decades managers have sought to improve organizational performance; this is as old as culture. The top hierarchy of management previously perceived an organization as a way to achieve competitiveness and profit on the basis of a horizontal division of labor and vertical decisions. In addition, the top hierarchy of management used to be responsible for the process of decision making; however, the other layers of management had to fulfill their responsibilities in exchange of the offered remuneration. Nevertheless, this concept or the behavior of organizations changed with the passage of ...