Cloud Computing



Cloud Computing

Introduction

Cloud computing, in computer science - a model for ubiquitous and convenient on-demand network access to a common pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., data networks , servers, storage devices, applications and services - both together and separately) that can be quickly made ??available and released with minimal operating costs and / or appeals to the ISP. Consumers of cloud computing can significantly reduce the cost of information technology infrastructure (in the short and medium term) and to respond flexibly to changing computing needs, using the properties of computer elasticity cloud services. According to IDC the market of public cloud computing in 2009 totaled $ 17 billion - about 5% of the total market of information technologies (Ahern, Alam, et al, 2007).

Originally, the concept of computing resources on the principle of utility was proposed in 1960 by John McCarthy. The emergence of English-language term beginning actively pursued in 2008 in one of the thematic web conferencing. As a result of the discussion put forward a different version, one of which the term was first used cloud head of Google's Eric Schmidt in a statement and became widespread in the media. Another popular version suggests that the term cloud computing has become a widely consumed in the U.S. since 2005 after the launch by Amazon.com Elastic Compute Cloud Project (Amazon EC2) and widely spread in the business, including information technology providers and research environment. The term "cloud" is used as a metaphor, an image based on the Internet in the diagram of computer network, or as an image of a complex infrastructure, which is hidden behind all the technical details (Ahern, Alam, et al, 2007).

Discussion

Characteristics

National Institute of Standards and Technology United States recorded the following binding characteristics of cloud computing:

Self-service on-demand, the user determines and modifies the computing needs, such as server time, speed of access and data processing, the volume of stored data without interaction with a representative of a service provider.

Universal access to network services available to consumers over the data network is depending on the terminal device.

Pooling resources ( Eng. Resource pooling), the service provider brings together the resources to service a large number of consumers into a single pool for dynamic reallocation of power between consumers in terms of constant changes in demand for power, while consumers are controlled only the main service parameters (e.g., data volume, speed access), but the actual distribution of the resources available to the consumer, the supplier shall (in some cases, consumers can still manage some physical parameters of redistribution, for example, to specify the desired data center for reasons of geographical proximity).

Flexibility, services can be provided, expanded, narrowed at any time, without additional costs for engagement with the supplier, usually in the automatic mode.

Metering, the service provider will automatically calculate the consumed resources at a certain level of abstraction (e.g., amount of storage, bandwidth, number of users, number of transactions), and based on these data, estimates the volume of services provided to consumers (Armbrust, Fox, et al, 2010, ...