CALIFORNIA FRANCHISE TAX BOARD

California Franchise Tax Board as Social Institution

California Franchise Tax Board as Social Institution

Introduction

Social systems are systems that are based on the interactions of living systems. Maturana are considered as higher-order systems. The question then arises whether these systems are also autopoietic systems. (Von, 2008)The paper will discuss the issue at hand and try to give a critical response that is given by the principal representative of the theory of social autopoiesis - Niklas Luhmann. According to Niklas Luhmann, the first and most prominent philosopher of social autopoiesis, organizations are a variety of social systems, as well as interaction systems and social systems. Since there has been much discussion about whether social systems in general can be said to be autopoietic, and if so to what extent we resume this discussion. (Fuchs, 2005)The increasing importance of the sciences of complexity can be interpreted as a shift to the conception of reality as complex and dynamic network. In biology, Maturana and Varela (1987) have been two of the most important scholars who are well known by the application of complex thought of living systems(Archer, 2002).

They argue that the specific difference of living systems is that they can maintain and reproduce themselves dynamically to produce their own components and with them a systemic unity. (Fuchs, 2003) Design an autopoietic system as means to emphasize that it is dynamic and self-creation. The question arises whether it is possible to generalize this concept and apply it to social systems and what advantages or disadvantages brought this company. (Fuchs, 2008b)

This paper discusses two basic possibilities to consider social systems as self-producing systems. First, discuss the approach of Niklas Luhmann of self-referential systems, which can be regarded as the most important feature of autopoietic social theory. (Fuchs, 2003b) Secondly, on the basis of a critique of Luhmann, we introduce an alternative approach called critical theory of social systems.

Niklas Luhmann social systems theory

Maturana has defined a social system as "a collection of interacting living systems in the realization of their autopoiesis through the actual operation of its properties as autopoietic units constitute a system as a network of interactions and relationships with respect to operating them as a medium in which they realize their autopoiesis, while the integration is indistinguishable from a natural social system and, indeed, such a system "(Maturana, 1980, p. 11; Maturana, 1987, p. 292). The focus is on individuals, interactions and networks. However, Maturana maintains that social systems are conservative, not autopoietic-systems. (Fuchs, 2008a)

This assessment may reflect the difficulty of discussing what the unit is permanently autopoietic is reproduced in the case of social systems. (Fuchs, 2003a)Human individuals are not created on a permanent basis since its creation is a unique process that biological life begins. Niklas Luhmann has tried to interpret social systems as self-production with a focus on the non-human. Luhmann (1984) sees society in terms quite functional, and Maturana want to apply the concept of autopoiesis of Varela sociologically, and considers social systems as ...