ARTICLE REVIEW

Article Review: Causes of Death in Adolescence



Article Review: Original Article

Causes of death and cardiovascular complications in

adolescents and adults with congenitally malformed hearts: an

autopsy study of 102 cases

Authors Name: Vera Demarchi Aiello,1 Maria Ange´lica Binotto, Lea Maria Demarchi, Antonio Augusto Lopes, Miguel Barbero Marcial

Premise and Thesis of the article

The causes of death in Adolscents, in the developing country of Brazil, is discussed in this article. It is tested whether Cardiovascular complications in adolescents are leading to deaths. In a developing country, government deprives poor people of quality health services, and it is one of the most significant factors that could lead to deaths irrespective of the disease an individual is facing.

Subject of the Research

The study revealed that the most significant disease or factor that led to deaths in Brazil, was of cardiac in nature. According to the data provided by Health Ministry of Brazil, half of the patients who had faced deaths were previously operated. Chronic failure and Cardiogenic shock took the lives of most of the individuals. The second most important factor that led to deaths was heart attacks. Studies have found out that distorted cardiac anatomy, typically lead to myocardial adaption. If the problems like blood pressure or volume overload persist for long periods of time, before a surgery than cardiac function may affect them over time (Aiello, V., Binotto, M., Demarchi, L., Lopes, A., & Barbero Marcial, M, 2009).

Methodology

This study includes 102 participants having Cardiovascular defects, between the age of 15 or above. They were submitted to autopsy at a tertiary Cardiology centre in Sa˜o Paulo, Brazil. The study reviews the autopsy records of patients in order to analyse primary morphological diagnosis of cardiac anomaly, hypertension, thrombosis, heart diseases, and thromboembolic episodes. The reasons for last surgery of the patients were also analyzed. The time it took between the surgery and death was also considered. It helped in analyzing the problems of the patient.

Results of the Study

Pulmonary Thromboembolism is normally exists in cyanotic patients. According to the result of the study, 20 patients were suffering from disease. It was found that age was the most important factor that led to Thromboembolism, and the study reveals that it is the second most significant cause of death among non-operated and operated patients.

Infective endocarditis in the adolescent and adults with congenital cardiovascular defects seems to have emerged due to the increase in use of mechanical and bioprosthetic materials in corrective surgeries. These develop the risk of development of endocarditis. This increases the risk of malformed hearts, which often leads to heart attacks.

The study also included research on women, who faced various complexities. Patients with Eisenmenger's syndrome seek for medical care irrespective of the counseling provided for contraception. Pregnant women with pulmonary vascular disease carry serious risks and it if far more than their male counterparts with the same disease and defects.. In the study on 19 pregnant women with cyanotic problem, only nine produced live births.

Conclusion

Rhematic Heart disease and congenital cardiovascular defects are common in developing ...