Annotated Bibliography about Medicine and Health



Annotated Bibliography about Medicine and Health

Research Article # 1

Findings of the Study

A sample of 64,712 patients has been taken for receiving TKA of primary type in the year 2006 of about 817 hospitals. Among those patients, a total of 10,477 were belonged to the top 48th ranking hospitals, about 28,938 were getting treatment in the 288 low ranking hospitals, and other 25,297 were getting treatments in 481 hospitals which according to U.S. World Report Ranking were ineligible. Non-top ranking and top-ranking hospitals were not-for-profit in comparison with ineligible hospitals as most of the teaching hospitals were affiliated with medical schools. The top ranking and low ranking hospitals were also tend to be relatively larger than being ineligible as, they had higher staff of nursing and relatively higher Medicare on average TKA volume. The average men cost for taking primary TKA for patients were about in ranges of $20,336 to $27,069 in all types of hospitals. Same was the case in analyzing all types of re-admission with no any difference in thirty days.

The unadjusted average of LOS was about in ranges between 3.7 to 3.8 days respectively for all the ineligible, top-ranking- and low-ranking hospitals. After so many variations in the adjustment for the characteristics of hospital and patients, the type was drastically not regarded with LOS. In the analysis of sensitivity, outcomes were same in examining the 90 day overall outcomes by excluding the primary analysis.

Common Elements

Some common elements have been found which are about hospital LOS and the post-operative complications for the beneficiaries of Medicare who obtained some primary TKA in some low-ranking and top-ranking hospitals. The major outcomes are suggesting the advantages of hospitals which come under the category of top ranking orthopedic for the patients who were receiving primary TKA.

Conflicts or Contradictions of the Findings

Some of the conflicts and contradiction is the difference between top ranking and non- top ranking hospitals services. Non-top ranking and top-ranking hospitals were not-for-profit in comparison with ineligible hospitals as most of the teaching hospitals were affiliated with medical schools. The top ranking and low ranking hospitals were also tend to be relatively larger than being ineligible as, they had higher staff of nursing and relatively higher Medicare on average TKA volume.

Research Article # 2

Findings of the Study

A total number of around 7,344 patients were selected from 375 health care centers of the world with an approximation of 3,668 patients who were receiving the fondaparinux and around 3,676 patients were assigned for receiving enoxaparin. By seeing all the patients, 73.3% of the patients were available for the efficacy analysis. By the end point's original efficacy, the overall occurrence of thromboembolism till 11th day was relatively lower than the group of enoxaparin. The occurrence of the end point's efficacy which was proposed by the ACCP Conference Consensus on therapy of Antithrombotic was about 1.7% with fondaparinux, and about 3.3% with the enoxaparin. The common reduction of fondaparinux in favor was about ...