Abstract

In this study we try to explore the concept of “paradox of development” in a holistic context. The main focus of the research is on “urbanization” and its relation with “industrialization”. The research also analyzes many aspects of “revolution of 19th century” and tries to gauge its effect on “urbanization and industrialization”. Finally the research describes various factors which are responsible for “industrialization” and tries to describe the overall effect of “urbanization”.

Paradox of Development

Outline

This paper has been written in accordance with the following outline:

Introduction

Thesis Statement

Background and History

Discussion

Critique of Paradox

Conclusion

Introduction

If the paradox is valid, it reflects a real dilemma facing governments committed to development policies. They are obliged to choose between a set of actions which favors development and a completely different set which favors support for the government and political stability. If the paradox of development is spurious, it reflects only the inadequacy of our conceptualization of the relations between government and society (or between the political system and its environment).

Thesis Statement

Urban Cities were the product of industrialization.

Background or History

In the nineteenth century, many American children did not attend school. They were too busy working long hours in factories and mines. These children toiled around machinery that often maimed them. Boys labored in coal mines where they sometimes became sick with black lung disease. These hardships were not rare. In 1820, half of the country's industrial workers were children. Child labor was not new. Children had always worked on farms and performed tasks for their families. But working in dangerous factories was a new development for children (Ergazakis, 67).

This was because factories were a recent phenomenon in the nineteenth century. Before that time, most manufacturing took place in small shops and homes. The growth of factories was part of an event known as the Industrial Revolution. During the Industrial Revolution, machines and other technologies such as steam power replaced the muscles of humans and animals. The Industrial Revolution also gave rise to new modes of transportation such as steamboats and trains. These inventions made travel easier and faster. Women, children and men left the home to work in factories. More people left farms to work in cities. The Industrial Revolution transformed the United States from an agricultural nation to a manufacturing giant.

The United States became a manufacturing force, but the Industrial Revolution did not begin there. Instead, it arose in Britain in the eighteenth century. Britain possessed many qualities that made the Industrial Revolution possible. Coal and water were both necessary to power the new machines that would increase production. Britain had coal mines, rivers, and harbors. In addition, the nation had established a strong financial system. This meant that money was available to invest in new inventions and factories. Britain had also experienced major changes in farming that prepared the way for the Industrial Revolution. For centuries, British farmers had raised crops on land they shared with other farmers. After the harvest, livestock was allowed to graze on the fields (Hu, 19).

A policy called enclosure altered this ...