Abstract

In this study we try to explore the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in a holistic context. The main focus of the research is on the pros and cons of the diagnosis of ADHD. The study has focused on secondary research. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a behavioral disorder characterized by inattention, impulsivity and motor hyperactivity that makes it difficult and in some cases prevents the normal development and social integration of children. This is a complex and heterogeneous disorder.

Table of Contents

Introduction3

Discussion3

Conclusion10

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Introduction

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a behavioral disorder characterized by inattention, impulsivity and motor hyperactivity that makes it difficult and in some cases prevents the normal development and social integration of children. This is a complex and heterogeneous disorder. It is multi-factorial in 70-80% of cases coexists with one or more other disorders (a phenomenon called co-morbidity). The coexistence of more serious disorders symptoms complicates both diagnosis and therapy (Barkley, pp. 89-111). They are most frequently associated with oppositional-defiant disorder and conduct disorder, specific learning disorders etc.

The standardization and hyperactive behavior in some patients with deficits in attention have been effective along with behavioral therapies, lifestyle changes, clinical and, psychological interventions

Discussion

A specific cause of ADHD is still unknown.  There are however a number of factors that may contribute to birth or to exacerbate ADHD. These include genetic factors and social conditions and physical properties of the subject.

According to most researchers and based on the studies of the last forty years, the disorder is thought to cause genetic. Studies on twins have shown that ADHD has a high hereditary factor (about 75% of cases). Other factors are related to brain morphology, or may be related to prenatal and perinatal factors or traumatic factors. ADHD typically occurs in children. It is estimated that, worldwide, affecting between 3% and 5% of children with a variable percentage between 30 and 50% of subjects who continue to have symptoms in adulthood It is estimated that 4.7% of U.S. adults living with ADHD.Studies have shown that between 9% and 20% of cases of disease can be attributed to environmental factors. Environmental factors include exposure to alcohol and smoking during pregnancy and the early years of life. The relationship between tobacco and ADHD can be found in the fact that nicotine causes hypoxia in the fetus.  Complications during pregnancy and childbirth may also play a role in ADHD.  The infections (e.g. varicella ) taken during pregnancy, at birth or in early life are a risk factor for ADHD. 

The World Health Organization says that the diagnosis of ADHD may well give rise to dysfunction within the family or education or even psychological disorders in individuals. Other researchers believe that relationships with caregivers of children have an effect deep on the capabilities of self-regulation and attention (Barkley, 279-289). A study of children in foster care found that a large number of them showed symptoms similar to ADHD. The researchers also found the typical elements of ADHD in children who have suffered violence and abuse. 

Inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity are key elements in the behavior of people affected by ADHD. The symptoms of ADHD are difficult to define because it is difficult to draw a line which demarcates the usual levels of inattention, hyperactivity ...