Water treatment Operation and Maintenance Comparing Nigeria to the UK

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I certify that the work presented in the dissertation is my own unless referenced

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First of all, it would give me great pleasure to show my gratitude to my professor, for his propositions, remarks, understanding and patience. It would also be an honour to express gratitude to my parents, my mother, my father, my sister and my brother for their endless support in my life and allowing me to make all my decisions. I would also like to take the opportunity to show appreciation to my co-workers for their expert cooperation on every occasion. I would also like to be grateful to the Department, managers of the university, instructors and students who have supported me throughout this research.

DECLARATION

I declare that the content presented in this thesis/dissertation is, in my understanding and opinion, original and has not been presented for scholarly assessment in the past, either completely or partly, for an academic degree at this educational institution or elsewhere. I would also like to admit that I have studied and understood the principles, prerequisites, processes and guidelines of the University regarding the higher academic degree research award and to my dissertation. I would also like to declare that I have abided by the University's principles, prerequisites, processes and guidelines.

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ABSTRACT

This study focused on the decision-making process of raw water supply development with a case study in Nigeria, where the rapid growth of industrial and urban areas surrounding the city of Lagos has resulted in severe environmental and social problems such as those described. Rapid growth of urban and industrial water demands could not be fulfilled due to limited local raw water sources and funds to build new regional raw water infrastructure (e.g., reservoirs, conveyance systems for trans-basin water transfer). The easiest solution to sustain the urban population and economic growth is by using deeper groundwater and the government gives permits to some industries and private sector players to exploit deep and semi-deep groundwater aquifers. After several decades, this policy has depleted the aquifers due to excessive groundwater abstraction/withdrawal. The purpose of this study is to compare the operations and maintenance of water treatment plants of Nigeria and UK.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTII

DECLARATIONIII

ABSTRACTIV

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION9

1.1Background9

1.2Aims and Objectives12

1.3Research Setting13

1.4Scope of Study13

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW19

2.1Introduction19

2.2Literature Research Strategy19

2.2.1Justification for Literature Searching Strategy20

2.3Water Treatment Operation21

2.3.1Physical Process22

2.3.2Chemical Processes22

2.3.3Biological Process22

2.4Control and Operations23

2.5Principles of Operations24

2.5.1Reliability24

2.5.2Flexibility25

2.5.3Labour Intensity26

2.5.4Automation and Control26

2.6Water Treatment Maintenance27

2.6.1Types of Maintenance28

2.6.1.1Corrective Maintenance28

2.6.1.2Preventive Maintenance29

2.6.2Maintenance Record System30

2.6.3Equipment Inventory Cards30

2.6.4Materials Inventory Control31

2.6.5Monitoring, Evaluating and Reporting31

CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY32

3.1Theory on Research Methods32

3.2Research Methods34

3.3Data Collection Methods34

3.4Data Analysis38

3.5Ethical Considerations38

3.6Reliability and Validity40

CHAPTER 4: LAGOS WATER CORPORATION CASE STUDY42

4.1Location42

4.2Climate42

4.3Lagos Water Supply43

4.4Lagos State Water Corporation45

4.4.1Mission Statement47

4.4.2Goals and Objectives48

4.4.3Future Prospects48

4.5Population49

4.6Iju Waterworks Operations50

4.7Raw Water Abstraction and Treatment Processes50

CHAPTER 5: LAGOS OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE SYSTEM54

5.1General54

5.2Operations System56

5.3Principles of Operations57

5.3.1Reliability57

5.3.2Flexibility58

5.3.3Labour Intensity59

5.3.4Automation and Control59

5.4Maintenance System61

5.4.1Principles of Maintenance61

5.4.1.1Responsibility62

5.4.1.2Objectives64

5.5Type of Maintenance65

5.5.1Preventive65

5.5.2Corrective65

5.6Maintenance Record system65

5.7Equipment Inventory Cards66

CHAPTER 6: SEVERN TRENT CASE STUDY67

6.1Location67

6.2Climate67

6.3Leicestershire State Water Corporation69

6.3.1Mission Statement69

6.3.2Goals and Objectives69

6.3.3Future Prospects70

6.4Population71

CHAPTER 7: SEVERN TRENT OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE SYSTEM73

7.1General73

7.2Operations System74

7.3Principles of Operations74

7.3.1Reliability74

7.3.2Flexibility75

7.3.3Labour Intensity75

7.3.4Automation and Control75

7.4Maintenance System76

7.4.1Principles of Maintenance76

7.4.1.1Responsibility76

7.4.1.2Objectives77

7.5Type of ...