WATER SCARCITY IN GCC

Water Scarcity As Emerging Theme And The Effect On The Supply Chain Of Bottled Water Industry In The Middle East Region, Specifically Focusing On The Gulf Cooperation Countries

[Name of the institute]

Table of Contents

Introduction1

Discussion2

Reason of Water Shortage in Gulf Cooperation Countries2

Main Difficulties in the Water Sector3

Use of Excessive and Inefficient Water3

Inefficient Policies4

The Degradation of Water Quality4

Excessive Use of Public Funds4

Emergence of Bottled Water Business5

Worldwide Need for Bottled Water6

Marketing Campaigns of Bottles Water Companies6

Supply Chain Management7

Supply Chain of Bottled Water8

Impact of Water Scarcity on the Supply Chain of Bottled Water8

Issues in the Supply Chain of Bottled Water9

Production of Bottled Water10

Environmental Impact of Bottled Water Production10

How Marketers should Respond?11

Ways Through which Marketers can Change Attitude12

Recommendations For Marketers12

Focus On Image12

Turn Consumers Into Connoisseurs12

By Positioning Product As A Sign Of Wealth, It Becomes Desirable To People Who Are Striving To Reach The Upper Class13

Offer Convenience13

Position Product As A Solution To A Problem13

Conclusion14

References15

Water Scarcity As Emerging Theme And The Effect On The Supply Chain Of Bottled Water Industry In The Middle East Region, Specifically Focusing On The Gulf Cooperation Countries

Introduction

Water scarcity is a problem throughout the Middle East, and existing sources are usually shared by more countries. The political boundaries are meaningless when dealing the common use of limited resources. Thus, water can serve as a catalyst for cooperation to promote peace and development in the region, and stop being a source of wars, crises and tensions. Currently, Saudi Arabia and Gulf countries address the water shortage by implementing desalination plants. Egypt depends entirely on water from the Nile (Mukhopadhyay, Al-Sulaimi & Al-Ruwaih, 1996, pp.259-295). This supply is affected by natural causes and countries (Sudan, Ethiopia and Uganda) that control the sources of the river and affect its flow. Iran, Syria and Turkey are mutually dependent on the waters of the rivers Tigris, Euphrates and Orontes. The construction of dams on one of these rivers can lead to serious water shortages in one or more of these countries. Lebanon, Syria, Jordan and Israel draw water from the same sources. In the west of the Jordan River, the people of Israel, Judea, Samaria and Gaza share the same water sources before and after 1967 (M.J. Abdul Razzak', '1995, pp. 227-234).

Discussion

The water supply is consistently low in Gulf cooperation countries. The rainfall occurs between November and April, with an irregular annual distribution that varies between 700 mm in the north to less than 500 mm in the south. Water sources include the Jordan River, Sea of ??Galilee and few and small river systems, as well as springs and underground waters, which are exploited in controlled quantities to prevent depletion and salinization. The annual renewal of water resources is 1.6 trillion cubic meters, of which 75 percent is used for agriculture (De Jong, 1989, pp. 503-510). To regulate regional imbalances existing water resources, most of the freshwater sources joined the National Water Conduit, an integrated network of pumping stations, reservoirs, canals and pipelines that carry water from the north-where are almost all sources, the semi-arid southern agricultural ...