WASTE MANAGEMENT

Waste Management



ABSTRACT

Trash, waste, refuse all words to describe what humans use and leave behind. Hazardous waste is any discarded material that poses a health risk or threatens the environment. This waste includes chemicals, by products from industrial processes, pharmaceuticals, pathological waste, radioactive materials, electronics and even sewage. Because toxic waste can have adverse health effects on both humans and animals, it is something people do not want to live close. Allocating land for the disposal and treatment of toxic waste is difficult in many undeveloped countries. I would like to examine the effects of toxic waste on the incidence congenital diseases in underdeveloped countries.

Waste Management and the Occurrence of Congenital Diseases in Developing Countries

Introduction

In recent years, increasing attention and resources have been brought to here on the relationship between waste material and "congenital diseases". These diseases were previously thought to be mostly due to genetic causes. Even though, the importance of genes as factors in causation is accepted, unhealthy environment or poor sanitation seem to be implicated just as strongly. Hearing in mind the difficulty of assessing the cause and extent of congenital diseases, methods of studying living near to waste products impacts are presented and a new approach for toxicology is advocated: assessing low-dose and chronic exposure. Emphasis is placed on developmental endpoints as markers of endocrine disruption with possible teratogenic effects of compounds and mixtures of substances.

The waste material can have a considerable impact on several stages of reproductive health, ranging from the maturation of organs and endocrine systems to; indeed, the health of the developing organism as a whole. A systematic investigation and assessment of the current stale of knowledge concerning congenital abnormalities is therefore, significant. Congenital abnormalities have traditionally been associated with inherited conditions. Recent advances in scientific knowledge allied to discoveries of bad environment agents such as, EDs have altered this perception. It is the aim of this research to present these new concepts and frameworks in the help of waste material effects on congenital anomalies, in order to inform both scientists and "non-expert" professionals of recent developments (Johnson & DeRosa 1997: 235).

Thesis Statement

The waste has been the measure concern of the human population in the world today. The waste material is impacting the humans and causing many "congenital diseases". The developing countries are predominantly taking stringent measures in order to overcome this problem, but somewhat somewhere is lacking.

Discussion

According to Ground Report (July 2011: 12) solid waste management in developing countries like Pakistan, it is common for municipalities to spend 20-50 percent of their available budget on solid waste management because it is the duty of the local government to provide them straight roads. Therefore, close to 60% of the waste remains uncollected and nearly 50% of the public serves with the sanitary hence problem rises both for people and the government. In Pakistan, nearly 25% of the people living in cities, and 75% living in towns and villages. There is no waste management resulting in malaria and other disease that spread ...