TYPOLOGIES FOR POLITICAL SYSTEM

Typologies for Political System

Typologies for Political System

Aristotle on the State and Law

The further development and deepening of the ancient political and legal thought since Plato associated with the name of his disciple and critic Aristotle, who owns the phrase "Plato is my friend, but a great friend of truth."

Aristotle (384-322 BC) was born in the small town of Stagira Hellenic, and therefore, it is often called the Stagirite. In the year 367 BC Aristotle arrived in Athens, where he studied and later he taught at Plato's Academy until the death of its founder. After leaving Athens (in 347 BC), Aristotle in a number of years living in other Greek states, and in 342 - 340 years BC at the invitation of the Macedonian king Philip II, bringing up his son Alexander. From 335 BC, Aristotle went again in Athens. Here, he founded his philosophical school - Lyceum (Lyceum) (Alcock & D'Altroy, 2001, Pp.211-231).

In his treatise "Politics" provides a clear definition of policy (Aristotle, 1999). Politics - the science of running the state, the science of the highest good of man and the state. The aim of political science educates people in high moral qualities. In his treatise "Politics" addressed such issues as:

The Origin of the State. Aristotle maintained the organic theory of the origin state i.e., the state arises from the nature of things. This follows from the nature of man. State - a product of natural evolution. In this respect, it is like these naturally arising primary forms of communication as a family and village (Runciman, 2001, Pp.123-134.). The state is the highest form of communication. State - a political dialogue between free and equal. Man by nature a political creature and ends in the state of genesis of the political nature of man.

The Attitude to Slavery. Aristotle believed that people are not equal by nature. From the Hellenic-centrist positions, he notes that the "barbarians" - people with poor human nature and they have not grown to the political forms of life. The relationship of master and slave is, according to Aristotle, part of the family, not the state.

The Elements (Signs) Of the State. For Aristotle as for Plato, the state is a certain unity of the whole of its constituent elements, but he criticizes Plato's attempt to "make the state one too." The state consists of many elements and too much desire them to unity, for example, Plato proposed community of property, wives and children leads to the destruction of the state. The elements of the state are:

Single territory (which should be small in size).

The collective of citizens. (Citizen is one who participates in the legislative and judicial branches).

Single cult

The Army.

The aggregate stock.

Common notions of justice.

Private Property: Aristotle justifies private property. "Private property - says Aristotle - is rooted in human nature, in his own love for himself." Property should be shared only in a relative sense, but private. "Besides, that is the subject of ownership of a very large number of people included the smallest ...