TYPE-1 DIABETES MELLITUS

Diabetes Mellitus Type 1

Diabetes Mellitus type 1

Introduction

Diabetes is an autoimmune disease chronic for which there is no cure yet. In this type of diabetes are affected beta cells of the pancreas, which produce little or no insulin, a hormone that allows sugar (glucose) into the cells of the body. Consequently, there is an accumulation of glucose in the bloodstream having Cytotoxic effects such as non-enzymatic glycosylation, glucose binds to molecules such as haemoglobin or lipopolysaccharides of the blood vessel walls and blood lipoproteins, causing accumulation and the onset of atheroma. In United Kingdom approx 2.9 million of people get influenced by diabetes (Connor et al., 2003). There is estimation that approximately 850,000 people have undiagnosed diabetes. Type 1 diabetes occurs rarely, influencing 15/100 people. Diabetes is divided into two main types Type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is usually referred as insulin-dependent diabetes. It is also known as early-onset diabetes or juvenile diabetes. The reason for calling early-onset diabetes is it often occurs during teen ages, before the age of 40 years. In this type of diabetes mellitus, insulin is not produced by the pancreas-a gland present in stomach. This hormone insulin is associated with the blood glucose levels regulation (Cameron, 2002, pp. 26-33).

If the level of glucose exceeds than normal it can seriously harm different organs of the body. The person who suffers from diabetes mellitus type 1 has to take injections of insulin throughout the life because pancreas is unable to produce insulin due to lacking or B-langerhans cells. Blood glucose level should also be monitored routinely and strict precautions should be taken by having a healthy diet, regular exercising and having routine blood tests. In type 2 diabetes mellitus, body is unable to produce sufficient insulin or the cells of the body become irresponsive towards this hormone. This condition is known as insulin resistance.

Discussion

Physiological Impact of Diabetes Type1 on the Body

Along with the symptoms, diabetes affects body chronically produce harmful effects to all organs of the body (Patterson et al., 2009, pp. 2027-2033). These long-term effects are known as complications of diabetes. Blood vessels and nerves are affected due to diabetes so it can affect any part of the human body, although few parts of our body get affected from diabetes directly. Complications of diabetes develop gradually, so they could be prevented by strictly monitoring blood pressure, diabetes and levels of cholesterol (Cameron, 2002, pp. 26-33). A person can easily overcome such conditions by simply taking healthy diet, by avoiding consumption of alcohol and cigarettes, and by the incorporation of physical activities in routine. If a person follow these simple rules and make them a habit, the normal blood glucose level will be maintained.

Coronary heart disease and diabetes mellitus are closely related to each other. The condition of diabetes promotes increased blood pressure and it is associated with increased levels of cholesterol that in return enhance the risk of myocardial infarction or heart attacks as well as other cardiovascular disorders (McCarthy et ...