TRANSPORTATION

Transportation





Abstract

Transport economics arise the need to move efficiently and effectively in a society, goods and individuals from origin to final destination sites. So, is as transport becomes the main input of intermediate consumption for different activities (work, education and leisure). Also, is the manager that helps integrate capital markets, goods and services, and financial and labor-in an economy, helping to improve the level of social welfare. However, the needs of transport use by increasing geographical advantages and constraints, changing demographics, growth of cities and socioeconomic and cultural characteristics of individuals, generating, mobility problems (congestion), accidents, pollution, changes in land use, degradation natural resources (given the need to build infrastructure for its operation) and fragmentation of economic dynamics. Despite this, transport is a major contributor to economic growth and development, is responsible for integrating geographic areas marginal to the main centers of economic activity and create value in land prices.

Abstract2

Introduction4

Thesis Statement5

Literature Review6

Research Question8

Hypothesis8

Theoretical Framework9

Quantitative Reseach Method10

Qualitative Research Method10

Discussion11

Demographic Factors12

Technological Advances13

Political Competition13

Importance of Transportation at Several Levels14

The Role of Transportation in Economic Development-America16

Effects of Transportation on Economic Development17

Economic Development Impacts20

Conclusion21

References22

Annotated Bibliography24

Transportation

Introduction

Transport represents one of the largest global human activities. It is essential in the economy and plays a major role in the spatial relationships between geographic locations. Transport creates links between the regions and business, between people and the world. However, the effects of transportation cannot be overlooked as it has its significant impact on overall economic development of any country. This research paper focuses on the impact of transportation on U.S. economic development (Appol, 2006).

Developing better alternatives to current transportation systems and technologies is critical to any sustainable development strategy. Globally, mobility services are responsible for more than 60 percent of world oil consumption. The International Energy Agency predicts that global oil consumption will increase from its 2007 level of about 83 million barrels per day to more than 106 million barrels per day in 2030. In addition, despite all of the talk in recent years about alternative fuels, petroleum-based products remain dominant, constituting 98 percent of all transport energy consumption in 2008.

Given the growing demand in carbon-based transportation services, the following questions will be critical to meeting the challenges of sustainability (Benett, 1999). What are the principal modes of transportation? How do environmental externalities vary among modes? What are some common factors that influence the economic, social, and environmental characteristics of transportation systems? Also, what strategies can be employed to develop more efficient and environmentally sustainable methods to move people, goods, and services from point A to point B? There are many available alternative transportation choices, including:

Human-powered: walking, biking

Private vehicle: rented or owned

For hire, single party: taxi or limousine

Shared ride: carpool, vanpool

Rubber-tired: public transit bus or trolley bus

Rail transit: street cars/light rail, monorail, heavy rail, commuter rail

Airborne: airplane, helicopter

Waterborne: ferry or personal boat

Thesis Statement

This research paper emphasizes on finding the effects of transportation on U.S. Economic Development having to do with plane, train, and automobile use.

Literature Review

Transport is one of the most important factors determining the ...