TORQUE IMPACT

Impact of Torque on Flat-Spotting

Introduction2

Discussion2

Basic Terminologies Used3

Torque3

Linear Velocity3

Angular velocity3

Angular acceleration4

Mass Moment of Inertia4

Problem4

Workings6

Data for Wheel Torque6

Data for Bearing Torque6

Solution7

Other factors10

Result11

References12

Impact of Torque on Flat-Spotting

Introduction

Torque plays quite a vital role in almost all fields of life. More specifically, torque finds its exceptional use in the field of mechanical and aeronautical engineering. Before proceeding further, one should understand what torque is and what role does it play in aeronautical engineering (especially before the landing).

Everyone has noticed the screeching tires of airliners. Sometimes, people also watched severe smokes and sometimes fire while any plane is landing off. However, in our situation, it's not only the torque that is causing the screeches. In engineering terms, angular speed, angular acceleration as well as the moment of inertia of the wheel is playing a significant role along with the basic quality i.e. the mass of plane.

Discussion

Mostly, a single landing of an airplane is enough to shock its passengers and those who are watching the plane landing off. So, where smoke comes into play? It's nothing but simple engineering. The tire and wheel assembly are large and quite huge which means that it has quite huge moment of inertia, thereby resisting it to spin. Upon the subsequent contact with the runway, the tires along with the wheels start to spin at enormous rpm's which cause severe smokes and fire. Before going on further, let us consider some basics of terminologies used in aeronautical engineering to facilitate enhanced insight of the problem.

Basic Terminologies Used

Following are the basic terminologies that are being frequently used throughout the assignment:

Torque

Torque is simply a cross product of moment arm and moment. Moment arm is the perpendicular distance from pivot to the point where the force acts (Grc.nasa.gov, 2009). Mathematically, it can be given by;

t = r x F

Most commonly, N-m is used as a unit of torque (Benenson and Stöcker et al., 2002, p. 50).

Linear Velocity

Rate of change of linear displacement (?x) with respect to time (?t) is called linear velocity and has the units of m/sec and ft/sec in SI and FPS system respectively (Physics.tutorvista.com, 2010).

Angular velocity

It is the rate of change in angular displacement (??) with respect to time (?t), called angular velocity. It has a unit of rad/sec which can be converted to revolutions per minute by multiplying it with (Grc.nasa.gov, 2012).

Angular acceleration

Rate of change of angular velocity (??) with respect to time (?t) is defined as angular acceleration (a). It has the unit of rad/sec2 (Myers, 2006, 57-58).



Mass Moment of Inertia

The mass moment of inertia is nothing but the indication of body's resistance to rotational motion and subsequently angular acceleration. It is denoted by 'I' and has the units of slug-ft2 and kg-m2. It can be given by;

Iz = (Hibbeler, 2008, pp. 587)

Problem

The problem stated to calculate the torque before landing takes place so as to reduce the smoke as well as eradicate any mishap of fire and casualty.

Whenever a landing resulting in smoke is carried out, one thing ...