Theoretical Dimensions Involving Criminal Behavior

Theoretical Dimensions Involving Criminal Behavior

Introduction

Behavior and crime are the two terms that is used in different contexts. For both terms, there are many definitions that depend on the area in which they used. Criminal law which defines the behavior of eth individual using the psychological data and sociology, making this determination specified. Many authors have developed different theories reacted to the criminal behavior of the person in order words, there are many theoretical dimension developed by authors that involves criminal behavior. The aim of this paper is to review the main Theoretical Dimensions Involving Criminal Behavior.

Discussion

Criminology is defined as the empirical and interdisciplinary science that deals with the crime, the offender, victim and social control of deviant behavior. It is a type of research that is based more on observation than in arguments or opinions. Of course in criminology there is room for opinion and interpretation (Clinard M., Quinney R., Wildeman J., 2011).

Historical beginnings of criminological thought

Pre-Scientific Criminology:

It takes place in medieval times and the beginning of modern times, the theoretical positions and cultural beliefs were centered on the explanation of a particular crime which was due to the influence of demonic powers that guided the subject's maladaptive behavior, attempting against the existence of God Almighty. Therefore, the criminological study did not focus their attention on causal and intervening factors that may have influenced the sequence of events that lead to criminal behavior.

Classical School

It covers the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, which was characterized by a philosophical movement. This instilled and passed moral concepts and social commitments. The explanation of the crime that occurs at this time was a function of free will, which involved the commitment of the will of the subject in the criminal act; therefore, strict liability would focus on the subject itself.

Positivist School

Positivism bases its theoretical position on the role of successive approximations to reality, looking for causal scientific explanations of criminal behavior considering intervening variables such as social, environmental, cultural, biological and psychological. Currently, the criticism that is given to the positivist approach is experimental validity and reliability of these results, since the sequence is not scientific methodology.

Current Positions

According to the study of crime trends have required new approaches that cover specific areas of analysis. These have been developed by sociology, anthropology, psychology and biology, which bring conflict within the limits that each area studied, and the respective analysis approach. This has led to raise levels of causation, intervention, prevention, punishment and rehabilitation compared to the same phenomenon (Raine A., 2010).

Crime in Chile

The offense generally is a social problem that is associated with psychopathological problems essentially endogenous character. The social problem of crime in America is not homogenous and noted that it has different characteristics depending on the area of ??membership, sex and ethnicity of the subjects involved. These differences are significant quantitatively and qualitatively relevant for both the genesis of prevention policies for rehabilitation, in the field of prison facilities in Chile.

Robbery with violence and intimidation constitute 56% of all crimes in Santiago, ...