THEORETICAL ASSESSMENT PART-B

Theoretical Assessment Part-B

Table of Contents

Introduction2

Discussion and Analysis2

Diabetes Type 2:4

Community nursing aspect regarding the case of Raymond:6

Recommended lifestyle changes for Raymond:7

Recommended Blood Pressure Levels:8

Dietary advice for Raymond:8

Future investigations, treatments and regime that Raymond would follow:9

Conclusion10

References12

Theoretical Assessment Part-B

Introduction

The convergence of physiology and pathology is known as pathophysiology. Physiology is the discipline of biology, which explains the mechanisms or processes operating in an organism, whereas pathology, which is a medical discipline conditions usually detected within the state of a disease. This also explains the conditions that are undesired or abnormal, upon which pathophysiology searches for explaining the physiological mechanisms or processes whereby such conditions progresses and develops. It is a necessary study area for almost each professional school program of health care (paramedic, nursing, pharmacy, nurse practitioner, physical therapy, occupational therapy, physician assistant, dental and mental programs) within the U.S., Canada and different countries (Hogan, Hill, Bower & Holm, 2007, Pp. 5-15). This paper explains the pathophysiology of Raymond, a 58 year old bus driver who is diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Within this paper apart from examining his symptoms, reasoned rationales would be offered in relation to the symptoms and the associated significance would be described. In addition to this the paper discusses the advice and information the Community Nurse would offer Raymond in terms of possible future investigations, treatments and regime that he would follow.

Discussion and Analysis

A comprehension of diabetes pathophysiology relies on the knowledge of the fundamentals of insulin action and carbohydrate metabolism. Subsequent to food consumption, the carbohydrates while they are in the gut are broken down into molecules of glucose. The glucose is then soaked up in the stream of blood that raises the levels of blood glucose. Such elevation within glycemia fuels the insulin secretion from the pancreas beta cells. Most of the cells need insulin for allowing entry of glucose, which binds to particular receptors and assists the glucose entry into the cell that utilized the glucose for energy. The elevated secretion of insulin from the pancreas and the resultant cellular glucose utilization ensues in lowered levels of blood glucose. Lower levels of glucose afterward ensue in reduced secretion of glucose (Mealey, 2006, Pp. 3).

If the secretion and production of insulin are distorted by the disease, the dynamics of blood glucose would even get altered. If the production of insulin is reduced, the entry of glucose into cells would be subdued, ensuing in hyperglycemia (Kaku, 2010, Pp. 41-46). An identical consequence would be observed if the insulin gets secreted from the pancreas, although is not utilized appropriately by target cells. If the secretion of insulin is amplified, the levels of blood glucose might turn out o be quite low (hypoglycemia) as hefty quantities of glucose enter the tissue cells and little stays within the stream of blood (Mealey, 2006, Pp. 3).

Subsequent to consumption of food, the glucose amount available from the breakdown of carbohydrates at times surpasses the cellular requirement for glucose. Surplus glucose amount is stored within the liver in glycogen form that serves ...