The relationship between improper diet, lack of physical activities and type II diabetes in Saint Christopher (St. Kitts) and Nevis, British West Indies.

Chapter 2

Literature review

By adopting dietary way of life for diabetes administration is often tough for patients; yet the wellbeing associated value of life (HRQOL) conclusions of dietary administration for the persevering are not extensively evolved in the HRQOL evaluations now broadly utilized in diabetes research. (Goetsch 2006, p.32) This study evolved initial equipment, the diabetes dietary approval and conclusions assess, to consider conclusions of individuals' knowledge in next a serving of food design for the remedy of kind II diabetes. It is recommended that people with type II diabetes follow a daily self-management routine; however, many individuals have difficulty with the regimen. (Glasgow 2008, p.14) While high rates of adherence are seen with taking diabetes pills and taking insulin, lower adherence rates are found with diet and exercise Patients with diabetes that are able to follow their meal plans more often are able to achieve lower Hb-Ajc levels. (Glasgow 2007, p.24) Notably, diet is an especially difficult aspect of the diabetes care regimen. (Turkinton 2004, p.25)

Many factors have been found to influence dietary adherence. (Garay 2008, p.14) Personal motivation, knowledge of what food to buy, understanding the meal plan, and follow-up meal planning sessions with the dietitian may increase dietary adherence. (Franklin 2007, p.19) Medical nutrition therapy by a registered dietitian has been shown to improve diabetes outcomes. (Eisenbarth 2008, p.18) In a study of patients with chronic disease, including those with type II diabetes, many patients reported that after seeing a dietitian, they felt better emotionally or physically, and nearly all were able to control their health related condition. (Egede 2005, p.14) Greater support from family and friends and a more positive outlook on life are also associated with greater adherence to dietary recommendations. (Tuomilehto 2004, p.17)

Other factors such as cravings to eat inappropriate foods, and responsibilities and obligations that interfere with eating right can decrease dietary adherence, as can lack of family support (family's behaviors are less than supportive). (Devins 2006, p.28) Perceived high cost of the diet, discontentment of having the foods suggested, and not having the knowledge of what to eat may also cause difficulty in following a prescribed diet or meal plan. (DeRubeis 2004, p.14) Managing type II diabetes through diet is therefore an experience with potential psychosocial effects, especially if diet adherence is low. (Hillier 2006, p.152)

Dietary goals are keys to enhanced health and a more medically independent lifestyle for the type II patient; however, efforts to achieve these goals may impose complex lifestyle changes that represent additional burden on the patient. (Demmers 2007, p.24) Limited research is available to conceptualize and quantify the burden of diabetes diet management. (DeFronzo 2006, p.35) The diabetes management and difficulty examination utilized a diabetes quality of life (DQOL) determined with type 1 participants to estimate relative patient burden with an intensive self-management regimen. (Cowie 2009, p.27) The theme of the anguish of the symptoms of ...