The Attraction and Retention of Staff within the South African Non-Governmental (NGO) Sector with specific reference to Employee Wellness Initiatives'

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1: METHODOLOGY1

Introduction1

Research philosophy1

Positivism2

Research approach2

Research method3

Quantitative research method4

Rationale for quantitative Approach5

Data collection6

Research instruments6

Survey6

Data analysis7

Sampling method9

Sample size9

Research limitations9

Research Ethics10

Informed Consent11

Confidentiality11

Reliability and validity12

Time horizon13

Keywords used13

REFERENCES14

APPENDIX15

CHAPTER 1: METHODOLOGY

Introduction

In this chapter, the research method was in detailed discussed and the justification for the selection of this research study was also given. This chapter also discussed and explained the research philosophy justification for the selection of the study. This chapter also detailed down the strategy of the research method under the particular philosophy, the methods and tools for the data collection were also mentioned. The chapter discussed the data analysis process. According to Williams (2008, 15) suggests that research designs include three components: philosophical worldviews, strategies of inquiry, and research methods. These three elements help to determine which methodology e.g., quantitative, qualitative, mixed method best suits the investigation. The selection of research method can be done after considering research onion.

Figure 1: Research Onion Creswell & Creswell (2009, 80)

Research philosophy

According to the researcher, the research philosophy involves the significant assumptions regarding the view of the world from the individual perspectives. In the research study the realism philosophy was used, in the realism philosophy the positivist and the interpretivism philosophy were included. According to the researcher, the positivist philosophy is good in the study when researcher wants more to emphasize on the sufficient and adequate evidence in according to the analysis statistically. On the other hand, the interpretivism, the research focuses on differences between human and their role as the actors socially. It is a complicated and difficult task for the researcher to choose an appropriate research method. The selection of research method is complicated because the entire dissertation utterly based on methodology selection.

Positivism

According to the researcher, the positivism is defined as the opposite of qualitative research. In this, the quantitative research methods employ, under this by using science quantitatively, measure the single apprehensible reality has been measured. With an indisputable characteristic, positivist researcher has a single view of the world. According to positivist, reality is completely separated from the individuality who scrutinizes it. They focus on the subject i.e. the researcher, and the object i.e. to the research is focus as an independent completely separate entity. Kumar (2010, 20) the positivism notion is to formulate knowledge about the reality, which is present over human mind. The positivism data collection techniques include experiments and the sample surveys, which are consequence oriented. For a research, that includes humans, real life experiences for that it is not suitable to apply positivism approach. For exploring the social phenomena, positivism approach is appropriate, as this approach needs working with the people and real life experiences. This is the reason in this research positivism approach has been used.

Research approach

This approach is used for specifying and deciding regarding the suitability of eth theory that can be applied in the study. According to the researcher, the research approaches can ...