Testicular Cancer in Caucasian Males

Testicular Cancer in Caucasian Males

Testicular Cancer

Testicular cancer is a malignant tumor that develops from the tissues of the testes (male reproductive glands located in the scrotum). The groups at risk are young people aged 15 to 35 years. The probability of disease is higher in men who have suffered in childhood cryptorchidism undescended testicle. As with all forms of malignant neoplasms, the classification of testicular cancer is stages based on the prevalence of the disease (Adami, 2008). Important criteria are the defeat of retroperitoneal lymph node metastases and the defeat of other organs - most commonly the lungs and liver. Testicular cancer without evidence of metastasis is defined as stage I. If there is a loss of retroperitoneal lymph nodes, the state saw as clinical stage II. Stage III testicular cancer is characterized by a lesion of mediastinal lymph nodes or distant metastases (in liver, bones, lungs, brain).

Epidemiology

Overall, testicular cancer is rare, but among young men (15 - 35 years) - this is one of the most common tumors. The disease can develop in other age groups. Testicular cancer represents between 1-1.5% of all malignancies in men. In a year are diagnosed 3.6 cases per 100 thousand of the male population. 90-95% of testicular cancer, germ cell tumors forms, i.e., a tumor originating from the epithelium of the embryonic cells (Moul, 1994). Testicular cancer (except for seminoma) - a very aggressive malignant tumor mass doubling time of 10-30 days. However, in LISOD through the use of modern methods and to attract the best specialists of the disease is successfully treated.

The testicle has two distinct functions, testosterone (male hormone) on the one hand, and sperm production on the other. Testicular cancer is usually curable, with cure rates that reach nearly 100% in most cases. We distinguish two kinds of start (séminomateux and nonseminomatous), which have different treatments, the seminoma being particularly sensitive to radiotherapy (Nichols, 1998).

Frequency of Testicular Cancer

Testicular cancer accounts for 1-2% of human cancers, and 3.5% of urological tumors. This is the most common tumor in young men, often before age 15 and after 50 years. The risk is higher in patients seropositive for HIV. Testicular cancer is bilateral in 1-2% of cases. Seminoma is the most common germ cell tumors in the bilateral primary cancer of the testicle, but malignant lymphoma is the most common bilateral testicular tumors. After recovery from testicular cancer, the risk of getting cancer in the opposite testicle is 2 to 5% in the next 25 years (Parker, 2004).

Contributing Factors

The risk factor is most important is the undescended testicle in childhood (undescended testicle, or cryptorchidism). The risk of getting cancer of the testicle had not descended is 35 times that of the general population. However only 6% of cancers were occur with a history of cryptorchidism. The treatment of undescended testicle (lowering or orchidopexy) does not fully protect the subsequent risk of cancer, but facilitates the monitoring because the testicle is easily ...