STRUCTURALISM

Structuralism

Structuralism

Introduction

Structuralism is a heterogeneous movement that initially appeared as a scientific methodology, and later became a philosophical ideology seeking to develop objective and verifiable theories through the scientific control of the mind sciences (Pettit, 1975). In structuralism man goes from being the subject of history and culture, to be known for objectivity and scientific neutrality.

Structuralism presents a way to understand the man as an object of observation and analysis, like any other object of science, because the unconscious precedes the conscious. The great development of this movement came from Levi Strauss in 1960 found its greatest exponent (Pettit, 1975); today criticized and accused by his contempt for history and the devaluation of individual autonomy.

Michel Foucault

Michel Foucault, born in Poitiers in 1926, completed his studies in Paris at the Ecole Normale Superieure, where he studied and earned a degree Althusser as a philosopher in 1950 (Smart, 2002). Began teaching as an adjunct to lectures on philosophy and Russel Dumezil on which publishes an essay.

Foucault aims to be an original thinker, the structural linguistics influenced him most, and his research focuses on language, discourse and the structure of the set as an access point to the study of the humanities.

Foucault reduces the man and the elements of science to a system of structures. He attempts to introduce a darker and a new type of analysis, which is a structural, linguistic analysis, and the objects of science and culture comprising of a new application. Foucault raises archaeological analysis, which addresses the topic of discourse. "For him and many methods and disciplines are able to analyze and describe the language, and so on his archeology to enter new method specificity is neither formalized nor interpretive" (Smart, 2002).

The archeology of the historical dimension is necessary for Foucault in order to understand changes in epistemological sense ...