STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT

Marks & Spencer



Marks & Spencer

Introduction

According to the past studies it is observed and proved that the organizational behaviors are influenced by various factors. These factors depend on different theories, moreover, past researchers worked on a different aspect of a single phenomenon. In addition, the organizational behavior was considered as to be influenced by the classical approach which was helpful for identifying and resolving the initial or the minor problems that were pertaining to the organization. Leaders or the managers are usually familiar with word change management if they are working within a large corporation or organization. Change management has been around for a while but this term has become acutely common among organizations and corporations that like to initiate changes to processes including both tasks and organizational culture.

Task 1: Unit 3

(a) ADKAR Model

It is a basic skill in which business leaders and executives need to be competent. Only few work environments are known that can continue working without changes otherwise every business needs change due to technological awareness in the world and high competition in the market. It has been developed over a period of time. Business leaders use different models for making changes in their businesses. ADKAR model is one of most commonly known and followed change management models especially in Marks and Spencer which belongs to the retail industry. This model defines five basic stages that must be kept in mind to make successful amendments in an organization. (Piotrowski and Armstrong, 2005) These stages include:

Awareness that is leaders must know what changes are needed and why.

Desire that is all concerned members of organization must have motivation and desire to make changes in processes.

Knowledge that is organization must know what changes can be made and how?

Ability that is an organization willing to change must have abilities and competencies to plan and implement it.

Reinforcement that is all concerned people must be reinforced to sustain this and adopt new behaviors.

Hawthorne studies

The initial orientation of the Hawthorne studies on the theory of scientific management of time. William Dixon and others have investigated the influence of objective factors (lighting, payment, breaks) on labor productivity, a suburb of Hawthorne. The strategic mindset of an organization depends up the learning and these leanings are based upon the experiences of an organization. This means that an organization like Marks and Spencer has to focus on its strategies while planning the merger with Sainsbury Ltd which will help the organization in meeting its objectives. The dimensions of most of the organizations include to become the most competitive, to become the most highly valued firm in the world, to have the substantial market share in terms of investment and sales and to be the most profitable organization in its competing industry. The company's management Western Eclectics (if there was a phone factory) was imbued with ideas Henry Fayol and Taylor about the possibilities of scientific management, so the scientists have provided fulfill access and created conditions for the study of the production ...