STATISTICAL METHODS

Statistical Methods

Statistical Methods

Experimental method

The experimental method is a method in which a variable (the independent variables that are hypothesized as the reason; IV) manipulates the experimenter and the corresponding changes in another variable (the dependent variable, which is suggested in force; DV) not observed (Pedhazur, 2008). To determine whether the change is due to D. IV, at least two groups are involved: control group and experimental group. 2 groups are identical in all respects, except that in the control group not receiving treatment IV, while the experimental group receives the treatment. In fact, no two groups are identical. Therefore, to ensure both groups are identical, except for treatment or experimental manipulations IV, all participants randomly assigned to either control or experimental group (s). As a result of any innate differences between members of these two groups are distributed evenly (Pedhazur, 2008).

The experimental method is not without drawbacks. First of all, its main advantage can often be a drawback. experimenter's control over many aspects of the experiment often makes it difficult to generalize the results in other situations. Thus, the magnitude of the effect in the experiment can not be observed in reality or in other studies. This is amplified because many variables are interrelated with other variables. In this sense, the experiments are much simpler than the reality (Pedhazur, 2008). Experimenters may try to include more variables in the design to increase the synthesis of the results, however, often include additional variables poses a challenge to experimentalists. Experiments usually require more time and effort for each participant. This may be one reason why the experiments were not used for the collection of longitudinal data. Maintaining control over the participants over a long period of time can lead to ethical problems, and may even be impossible (Pedhazur, 2008).

Observational Method

Observational techniques applied ...