Statistical Analysis

[Name of the Institute]

Research Question

It is commonly perceived that few races are indulged in criminal activities, more than the other. This research is aimed to find out whether racial background has anything to do with the criminal activities and records or not.

Hypothesis

H0-1 = the average total prior arrest is same throughout all the races

H0-2 = the average total prior convictions is same throughout all the races

H0-3 = the average sex of defendant is same throughout all the races

H0-4 = the average adjudication outcome is same throughout all the races

Result statistic notation and interpretation

Descriptive

Prior Arrest

Prior Conviction

Sex

Adjudication Outcome

Mean

10.1

3.34

0.86

1.38

SD

14.464

5.09

0.347

0.486

df

448

438

456

336

f statistics

1.472

0.665

0.338

1.69

N

Mean

Std. Deviation

Std. Error

95% Confidence Interval for Mean

Minimum

Maximum

Lower Bound

Upper Bound

# TOTAL PRIOR ARRESTS

White

149

8.99

13.037

1.068

6.88

11.10

0

89

Black

299

10.75

15.148

.876

9.03

12.47

0

89

Asian, Pacific Islander

3

.00

.000

.000

.00

.00

0

0

Total

451

10.10

14.464

.681

8.76

11.44

0

89

# TOTAL PRIOR CONVICTIONS

White

146

3.29

5.674

.470

2.37

4.22

0

39

Black

292

3.39

4.797

.281

2.84

3.94

0

24

Asian, Pacific Islander

3

.00

.000

.000

.00

.00

0

0

Total

441

3.34

5.090

.242

2.86

3.81

0

39

SEX OF DEFENDANT

White

153

.85

.359

.029

.79

.91

0

1

Black

303

.86

.343

.020

.83

.90

0

1

Asian, Pacific Islander

3

1.00

.000

.000

1.00

1.00

1

1

Total

459

.86

.347

.016

.83

.89

0

1

ADJUDICATION OUTCOME

White

115

1.37

.484

.045

1.28

1.45

1

2

Black

222

1.38

.487

.033

1.32

1.45

1

2

Asian, Pacific Islander

2

2.00

.000

.000

2.00

2.00

2

2

Total

339

1.38

.486

.026

1.33

1.43

1

2

Mean of any variable, signifies, the average results or the average attribute of that variable or the categories mentioned within that variable. Looking at the results above, we can infer that the total number of prior arrest, on an average amongst the white people is almost 9. Likewise, we can see that number of prior arrest, on an average amongst the black people is almost 11. While looking at the results of the Asian and the Pacific Islander is 0. So it is quite possible that if any of the arrests are made for the whites and the black, it would be of those people, who had been arrested for something before as well. However if we conduct further analysis of the result, we could also say that the higher figures of S D , both for whites and blacks elaborates that their averages are being influenced by few representative who have higher figures of prior arrests.

If we look at the gender of the sample population, the mean value of 0.88, 0.87 and 1 respectively tells us that most of the them belong to the male category and therefore we can infer that the reported crime rate prevails more in the males and not the females.

ANOVA

Sum of Squares

df

Mean Square

F

Sig.

# TOTAL PRIOR ARRESTS

Between Groups

614.527

2

307.263

1.472

.231

Within Groups

93533.181

448

208.779

Total

94147.707

450

# TOTAL PRIOR CONVICTIONS

Between Groups

34.502

2

17.251

.665

.515

Within Groups

11363.829

438

25.945

Total

11398.331

440

SEX OF DEFENDANT

Between Groups

.082

2

.041

.338

.713

Within Groups

54.995

456

.121

Total

55.076

458

ADJUDICATION OUTCOME

Between Groups

.796

2

.398

1.690

.186

Within Groups

79.116

336

.235

Total

79.912

338

ANOVA elaborates, whether the mean or the average of the more than two groups is significantly different from each other or not. In our case, we have tested the average results of the three groups on the basis of race of the criminal, in all the variables, in order to see, whether there average results are same or different between the groups. The null hypothesis for our test can also be stated as

H0 = the average results of the groups are equal to each other.

As we can see in the table above, the null hypotheses for all the variables are being accepted, this means that the averages of all the groups are equal, in the above mentioned criteria, which are total prior arrests, total prior convictions, sex of defendant and adjudication outcome

Multiple Comparisons

Tukey HSD

Dependent Variable

(I) RACE OF DEFENDANT

(J) RACE OF DEFENDANT

Mean Difference ...