SPHAEROTILUS NATANS

Sphaerotilus Natans

Introduction

Bacteria are a diverse group of unicellular organisms, which are among the simplest of living beings(Farquhar Boyle 2001). Bacteria in the rivers use dissolved organic matter as an energy source, but some of them can destroy the structure or the strengthening of the plant tissue (such as cellulose and lignin) and use it as an energy source. This is possible because they evolved exoenzymes (enzymes - or digesting chemicals "- produced by the bacteria to work outside it) that digest plant cell walls. Bacteria are decomposers because some of the organic material they learn to feed their growth is broken down into inorganic compounds (i.e.: nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorous) and released into the water. Nutrients become available for uptake by plants - especially algae.

The amount of suspended bacteria may vary considerably, and may peak at times when they are washed from land into rivers after a rain (Dondero 2005). Nevertheless, the overall picture is likely to be one of the higher concentrations during the dry season when river discharge is low, and the dissolution of the higher flows during the rainy season. Activity of many bacteria is suppressed in an acidic environment, so we expect their contribution to the process of decomposition will be reduced as the pH decreases. Chain of bacteria (Sphaerotilus natans) accumulate as the rear, the hair, the threads in the rivers, where dissolved organic matter is particularly abundant, for example, where the water gets inputs of sewage close to farms and settlements. These bacterial clusters are known under the misleading name of "sewage fungus" and indicate poor water quality.

Description and significance

Sphaerotilus natans is a filamentous bacterium, which is seen in the tubular shell and can be found in tap water and sewage treatment plants and sewage treatment (Dias Dondero Finstein 2008). Although this bacterium sometimes clogs pipes and causes other similar problems, it does not cause a serious threat to wastewater treatment plants and not known to be pathogentic.

The structure of the genome

No Sphaerotilus genomes were consistently at this time.

Cell structure and metabolism Trickling filter plant in wastewater treatment.

Sphaerotilus natans is a filamentous bacterium characterized by its rod cells encased in a tubular shell (Takeda Minoru et.al2000). Sphaerotilus bacteria grow well at low concentrations of oxygen and can use different types of organic carbon compounds: they can metabolize polysaccharides, sugars, polyols, organic acids, or, as carbon sources. Sphaerotilus natans swarmer cell organelles in polar flagellar pole are located near the plasma membrane next to the flagella (Lybarger and Maddock, 2001). Fixed cells do not have this organelle.

Ecology

Sphaerotilus natans could be mainly in running water, sewage and sludge. It has been known to cause problems such as clogged pipes and a filler of activated sludge in wastewater treatment "due to its ability to settle on a solid surface or tangling with an adhesive basal element on one end of the thread (Pellegrin Veronique Stefan et.al2009).In addition, strains of filamentous bacteria were isolated from paper ...