SPECIAL CHILDREN MENTAL DEVELOPMENT

Special Children Mental Development

DEMETRIA WIGGINS

ALBANT TECHNICAL COLLEGE

Special Children Mental Development

Introduction

Child development refers to the biological and psychological changes that occur in human beings between birth and the end of adolescence, as the individual progresses from dependency to increasing autonomy. Because these developmental changes may be strongly influenced by genetic factors and events during prenatal life, genetics and prenatal development are usually included as part of the study of child development. Related terms include "developmental psychology", referring to development throughout the lifespan and "pediatrics", the branch of medicine relating to the care of children. Developmental change may occur as a result of genetically-controlled processes known as maturation, or as a result of environmental factors and learning, but most commonly involves an interaction between the two (Berk 2005).

There are various definitions of periods in child development, since each period is a continuum with individual differences regarding start and ending. Imprinting is one of major phenomena of mental development of infants. Still absolutely recently, in second half of the century, have begun scientific learning imprinting (term is entered by e.Lorents, 1935) for an estimation of behavioural aspects new-born.

The observations have shown, that already on the first hour of life of the child the advantages of early applying of the child to the breast of the mother are obvious. The originating biosocial link at a level of many analyzers between the mother and child helps the child to adapt for

new conditions of life, the proof affection to the mother is installed.

Discussion

The subject of the mental fitness of offspring has been appealing extensive alertness in fresh years. There is a growing necessity for the fitness care and medicinal therapy subdivision to take needed achievement, embracing preventive measures. It is mostly valued to take up the subject of parent-child mental fitness as a part of the maternal and young offspring healthcare, as it will in addition lead to the hindrance of psychological troubles in offspring as long as adolescence. Two greatest troubles survive in the mental fitness characteristics of maternal and young offspring fitness care; 1) the fears of parents about child-rearing and the bond between parental strain and the mental state of the young offspring, and 2) young offspring mishandling in the parent-child relationship.

The psychological development of infants is closely related to the mental state of their rearers (usually mothers), and the mental state of mothers is greatly influenced by the attitudes and lifestyles of the fathers. To ensure the healthy psychological development of children in their infancy, it is essential to create a child-rearing environment in which mothers can enjoy raising their child.

Nowadays, many mothers seem to be expressing greater fears about pregnancy, childbirth, the puerperal period, and child rearing compared with those of their seniors. Taking into account the high occurrence rate of maternity blues/postpartum psychosis, this is clearly a problem for mothers. Being less involved, Japanese fathers are not confident about child rearing, and they find it difficult to support their wives.

There are many indirect positive ...