SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Solid Waste management for sustainable Development of Kathmandu Valley

Abstract

Sustainability is now considered a key objective of urban planning everywhere. However, due to inappropriate planning, weak institutions, lack of resources and poor implementation of policies, most big cities in the developing world have become even less sustainable, environmentally, economically and socially, than they were in the past. Kathmandu, Nepal enjoyed a unique tradition, rich history and a moderate state of sustainability in all areas, particularly a strong environmental sustainability, in the past. However, the rapidly growing and modernizing city of Kathmandu is facing serious problems of sustainability in all fronts: economic, social, environmental and ecological. Whereas environmental and economic sustainability was tacitly imbedded in the traditional planning practices in Nepal, the rapid expansion and modernization of all the major cities in the Kathmandu valley is making them increasingly unsustainable. This paper discusses elements of planning for a sustainable Kathmandu, proposes major indicators of sustainability, and discusses an approach to implement sustainable practices in urban planning and development as appropriate for Kathmandu.

Table of Contents

ABSTRACTII

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION1

1.1Introduction1

1.2Justification of the study1

1.3The reasons for choosing the topic2

1.4Problem Definition2

1.5Problem statement3

1.6Hypothesis4

1.7Research question4

1.8General Objective5

1.9Research Objectives6

1.10Scope of the study7

1.11Limitation of the study7

1.12Background7

1.13Sustainability in Kathmandu17

1.14Traits of Effective Sustainability Indicators for Urban Environment25

1.15Relevance to the Local Conditions26

1.16Imbedded in Social Vision27

1.17Easy to Measure and Compare27

1.18Helpful to Devise Policy28

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW32

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW33

2.1Solid Waste Management39

CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY42

3.1Qualitative Research42

3.2Questionnaire (only for Primary Research)42

3.3Sample Size (only for Primary Research)44

3.4Sample44

3.5Analytical techniques45

3.6Biogeochemical indicators47

CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION49

4.1Chapter Introduction49

4.2Study finding49

4.2.1Respondents Characteristics50

4.2.2Results of the Research Questions51

4.3Chapter Summary69

CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION70

5.1Solid waste, an ecological problem73

5.2Policies on solid waste administration in Nepal73

5.3Present status by solid waste74

REFERENCES76

APPENDIX80

Questionnaire80

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

Introduction

This study investigates the impact of land use planning on the tourism development in Kathmandu city. The results of the survey indicate that land planning have favorable attitudes towards tourism development in the area, but they also show widely held concern for the negative effects of tourism, mainly the impacts on the forests in the area. Moreover, these forest-related negative impacts are not attributed to the tourism activity or the tourist themselves, but to the quality of decision-making by the public authority, which is perceived as failing to exercise sound management and fair judgment in the allocation and use of land. The responses show uniformity related to perceived negative general environmental impacts.

According to the World Summit on Sustainable Development (2002), held on August 26-September 2, 2002, sustainable tourism is tourism and associated infrastructures that, both now and in the future:

Operate within natural capacities for the regeneration and future productivity of natural resources.

Recognize the contribution that people and communities, customs and lifestyles, add to the tourism experience.

Accept that these people must have an equitable share in the economic benefits of tourism, guided by the wishes of the local people and communities in host areas.

Justification of the study

The other reason for the topic is because of how the town is developing and planning . The present land use plan for tourism development is showing little ...