Sociology Paper

Sociology Paper

Psychoanalytic theory was developed by Austrian psychiatrist Sigmund Freud in the late nineteenth / early twentieth century and is closely related to their practice of psychotherapy. It is a theory that seeks to describe theetiology of mental disorders, the development of man and his personality, and explain the motivation human. Based on this body of theory Freud developed a type of psychotherapy (Ryckman, 2008). The set formed by the theory, the practice of psychotherapy based on it and the methods used is given the name of psychoanalysis.

Freud imagined the psyche (or mental apparatus) of the human being as an energy system: Each person is moved, he said, for a limited amount of psychic energy . This means, first, that most of the energy is needed to achieve a particular goal (eg. artistic expression) will not be available for other purposes (eg. sexuality), on the other hand, if the person cannot give vent their energy by a channel (eg. sexuality), you must do it with another (eg. artistic expression) (Massey, 1981). This energy comes from the drives (sometimes incorrectly called instincts). According to the author, the human being has two innate drives, the sex and death.

These two drives are opposed to the ideal of society and therefore need to be controlled through education, so that the energy generated by the drives cannot be released directly. The human being is thus sexual and aggressive by nature and the function of society is to tame these natural tendencies or instincts of man. The situation of not being able to vent this energy creates in the individual a state of internal tension that needs to be solved. Every human action is motivated, so the search hedonistic vented their psychic energy accumulated (Engler, 2008).

Erikson and Jung highlight the impact of social conditions on target setting to build a sense of community that helps in the emergence of neurotic disorders. They recognize the importance of discoveries of anthropologists and ethnopsychologists about the differences in the psychology of people belonging to different cultures (Massey, 1981). Keeping the position of the decisive role of unconscious processes and the ways that they find their expression, these theorists explained how an individual tried to overcome or mitigate Biologism (Massey, 1981). The theorists therefore emphasized upon the importance of sociocultural contexts in causing neuroses, explaining the motivational forces and conflicts personality.

The Freudian psychoanalytic theory of personality was criticized by several experts most of whom were former colleagues of Freud, such as Alfred Adler and Carl Jung. These psychologists were later categorized among the Neo-Freudians along with other contributors such as Erich Fromm, Karen Horney, Harry Stack Sullivan and Jacques Lacan. K. Horney was inarguably among the largest representatives of Neo-Freudianism. He was the author of psychopathology of cultural and philosophical by G. Sullivan's, the creator of psychiatry of interpersonal by E. Fromm's, the author of psychoanalysis of the humanistic of E. Erikson, and the creator of the ego-of psychology (Maddi, 1996).

In the apparent attention to the factors of social life, ...