SOCIOLOGY

Environmental Change

Environmental Change

Introduction

Environmental hazards are large-scale and global reach that threaten human health include climate change, depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer, loss of biodiversity, changes in hydrological systems and in freshwater, degradation land and pressures on food production systems. To appreciate the scale and type of influence on human health requires a new approach focused on ecosystems and on the recognition that the foundation of good health of populations in the long term depends largely on systems that sustain life in the biosphere remain stable and smooth operation. It also entails recognition of the complexity of the systems we depend on. Environmental change is not only due to human impact, but also due to natural causes. This applies above all to the climate (Homer, 1994, pp.5-40).

Considering the problem of global climate change, depletion of the ozone layer in the atmosphere, the proposed measures to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases and ozone destroying, should consider the relationship of the natural and man-made causes of humanity disturbing deviations from recognized them optimum environment. The paper consists of different challenges that international security and global governance is facing and its impact on natural resources, health, economic damage and critical infrastructure.

Discussion

The combination of changes in the Earth-atmosphere-ocean-biosphere planetary scale often called Global Environmental Change. Thus, this concept is broader and comprehensive than climate change. In this sense, we understand Global Change integration of environmental problems caused by events which have their origin in human activities that depend on the amount of the planetary population, its level of consumption (including energy) and the choice of technologies. These reasons, among others, lead to global warming, the thinning of the ozone layer, and changes in biodiversity, desertification, acid deposition and eutrophication. Climate change is a global phenomenon, both its causes and its effects and, therefore, requires a multilateral response based on the cooperation of all countries (Campbell, 2005, pp. 943). Many countries have faced natural disasters including tsunami in Sendai and Japan followed by earthquakes in Argentina, Iran, Chile, Tajikistan, Tonga and Pakistan in the year 2011. Due to this climate change, international security is at high risk of occurrence of more disasters in 2012 as well. The security of these countries have to face many challenges including redevelopment of damages, economic downturn, increasing poverty and other heavy expenses including health care of injured people and financial support to the victims. Many other countries contributed billions of funds to the victim countries to recover the losses such as United Nation, global disaster management and other countries' government.

Challenges

The effects of climate change including rising temperature, icecaps, and melting glaciers and other extreme weather events have a large influence on international security and global governance (Climate Change and International Security, 2008, pp. 1-5). Following are some of the threats and conflicts that created many challenges to internal security:

Conflict over Resources

Another equally important effect of increased temperature would change the ocean circulation, which changes the amount of nutrients and phyto-and zooplankton present, producing a change in the ...