SOCIAL WORK

Social Work

Social Work

Structuration Theory

In structuration theory, human beings create social systems or networks through the operation of individuals' active application of communication and interaction schemas they have learned through previous interactions in similar situations. In this way, being and doing are simultaneous functions for humans. As humans symbolize their experiences to themselves and each other, they are building upon linguistic and behavior forms that can and do carry meaning only because they are reproducing previous meanings attached to similar, but never identical, experiences (Stafford, 2008, pp. 150-154).

Application of Structuration Theory

The theory of structuration conceptually advanced considerably in dissolving the apparent dualism between structural properties and collective agency or individual has limited dilemma that a multidimensional understanding of the processes of urban transformation. However, the empirical application of this theoretical construct in the field of urban studies has been limited and not without many problems, which have been examined briefly in this communication. Advance in methodology is a pending task, especially regarding how to integrate qualitative interpretations of everyday life of individuals and institutions with efforts to interpret the workings of social systems and economic operating in the more global scale (Sellers and Winfree, 2010, pp. 22-30).

From the perspective of the theory of structuration, changing the culture of a society and how social interactions unfold in space-time, are conditioned and also determine changes in economic structures "hauled" to level the social system. This recursive relationship can be studied in everyday social practices of individuals and institutions. Thus, in the framework of institutional analysis duality between structure and agency is reflected in the institutional changes and the intended and unintended effects that occur in space-time matrix. For the analysis of strategic behavior, the dialectic "structure-agency" manifests itself in the knowledge-based action taken by individuals and collective actors to advance the realization of their interests (Reynard, 2011, pp. 256-61).

Social Exchange Theories

Social exchange theory posits that in developing relationships, people reflexively perform cost-benefit analyses designed to maximize profit compared to expenditure of personal resources. Ultimately, one will choose the alternative likely to produce the highest reward with the least cost (Mullner, 2011, pp. 2-47).

Application of Social Exchange Theory

Social exchange theory is most often understood in terms of romantic and marital relationships. However, these rules of thumb are also valid in understanding the formation of social networks whose purpose is to achieve professional objectives. Synthesizing theories of structuration, social exchange, and homophily, it can be seen that weak ties can offer high returns with a fairly low investment of emotional and temporal resources. By definition, weak ties are occasional interactions carrying significant discursive information and tacit knowledge with a relatively low affective dimension. The operation of weak ties can provide the glue for the structuration of social networks (McPhee and Poole, 2009, pp. 937-41).

Social Work of Nursing Home

Modern theories of aging play an important role in the organization of social work with older people, because they interpret and generalize the experience, information and observations to help predict the future. They need a social worker first and ...