SICKLE CELL ANAEMIA

Sickle Cell Anaemia



Table of Contents

Introduction1

Thesis Statement2

Discussion2

Background of Disease2

Homozygous Sickle Cell Anemia2

Mutation of the Gene3

Causes and Afectees of Disease4

Complications Related to Disease4

Morbidity and Mortality Concerns6

Survival Rate Treatment6

Implications for Future Research Practices7

The Sickle Cell Abnormality8

Bibliography9

Sickle Cell Anaemia

Introduction

Sickle Cell Anaemia (SCA) is a growing concern in the health care sector of the United States. Sickle cell anaemia is a genetic disorder of the blood. There are numerous exact situations that can assist initiate sickle cell anaemia. The symptoms of this disease can emerge throughout early childhood, or late adulthood. The treatments are many, but very distinct from one another. This is a genetic disorder, but can only be inherited by certain backgrounds (Anoinwu, 2001).

Fragile cells are sickle shaped less oxygen to body tissues and also can clog more easily in small blood vessels and break into pieces that disrupt blood flow healthy. Sickle cell anemia is inherited from both parents. If you inherit the gene for hemoglobin S from one parent and normal hemoglobin (A) the other parent will have sickle cell trait . People with this trait do not have symptoms of sickle cell anemia. This type of anemia is more common in people of African or Mediterranean and is also seen in people of Central and South America, the Caribbean and the Middle East.

This term paper will discuss the disease in substantial detail, covering very aspect of the disease along with the required pain management perspectives. We will initiate the discussion with a thorough historical background on Sickle Cell Anaemia (SCA) along with its associated complications. We will then discuss the population statistics that is currently affected by this torturous disease along with the issues regarding the morbidity and mortality rates of the disease. We will also discuss the implications and need for an effective medical response for SCA.

Thesis Statement

Sickle Cell Anaemia (SCA) is a mjor cause of increased mortality and morbidity, making it imperative for medical ineterventions in and outside the United States.

Discussion

Background of Disease

The disease was described in 1910 by Herrick, an American doctor, then discovered his genetic transmission and Linus Carl Pauling, American chemist, identified the abnormal haemoglobin in 1949. The Transmission is autonomic recessive. This means that both copies of the same gene (one from each parent) must be carriers of the anomaly for the disease is expressed. In this case, parents are generally not affected by the disease, but they carry the trait and have a normal gene that compensates for the mutated gene (Vichinsky, 2002). Sickle cells reduce their flexibility and elasticity, which increases the risk of various complications. The reason for the appearance of crescent-shaped cells is mutations in the gene of haemoglobin. As a consequence of reduced life expectancy, on average it is 42 years for men and 48 women (Steffanatou, 1997).

Homozygous Sickle Cell Anemia

The sickle cell syndromes are hereditary diseases characterized by the production of one or more abnormal hemoglobins, responsible for sickling of red blood cells in circumstances of hypoxia and ...