Should UN Security Council Be Reformed?

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DECLARATION

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ABSTRACT

The Security Council is without a doubt the most powerful organ of the United Nations. The Charter has given it primary responsibility for the maintenance of global peace and security and its decisions are binding for all Member States. Its limited geographical balance combined with five exclusive permanent seats that have veto powers, however, makes the Security Council less representative than desired by many Member States - especially emerging 'middle' powers - and they are increasingly calling for a restructuring of the Council.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTII

DECLARATIONIII

ABSTRACTIV

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION1

The Big Fight and the Veto3

Membership3

Origins of the Veto5

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW7

The Cold War Ends7

The Question of Security Council Reform is Tabled in the General Assembly11

Security Council Reform Efforts From 2003 To 200614

Security Council Reform From 2006 To 200816

Problem with the Reform18

Post-Cold War Cooperation and Reform at the UN18

CHAPTER 3: THE INTEREST OF COUNTRIES LIKE AFRICAN, JAPAN, GERMANY, BRAZIL, INDIA21

The United Nations and Civil Society23

Creating Networks in Developing Countries25

CHAPTER 4: THE REFORM OF THE UN SECURITY COUNCIL26

The General Assembly30

CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION35

REFERENCES36

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

The primary purpose of the United Nations is the maintenance of international peace and security. The Security Council, which is composed of eleven members, is mainly responsible for the performance or this important function. It was the assumption on during the formative period of the organization, accordingly, that peace and security could be maintained essentially by the members or the Security Council, particularly when the great powers were found to be in agreement. To execute its main function, the Security Council conducts its activities within two frameworks: the legal or constitutional and the political. The Charter provides for the former explicitly and the latter implicitly, the latter deriving from the interpretation and implementation of the former. The rule of the veto, for instance, is derived from Article 27 of the Charter which is worded as follows (Mango 2003: pp. 124-135):

Each member of the Security Council shall have one vote.

Decisions of the Security Council on procedural matters shall be made by an affirmative vote of seven members.

Decisions of the Security Council on all other matters shall be made by an affirmative vote of seven members including the concurring votes of the permanent members.

In the Charter, however, there is neither a detailed account as to how this ...