Self Efficacy can maintain Sobriety for Drug or Alcohol Abuse after Treatment

By

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION1

Introduction1

Background of the study2

Statement of the Problem13

Aims and objectives13

Aims13

Research Objectives14

Relevance of the Study14

Significance of the Study15

Methodology16

Dissertation organization17

Definition of Terms17

REFERENCES19

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

Introduction

Numerous studies have emphasized on the self efficacy significance as the predictor of treatment effects in numerous fields for instance, chronic medical conditions, education, psychopathology, sports and addictive disorders. In the psychosocial treatments' development the concept of self efficacy is a significant factor. It is a challenging task to maintain abstinence in the substance abuse recovery for individuals. Across studies relapse rates p for post treatment vary and this rates increases by 50% within 12 months of treatment. According to the research Mayer & Koeningsmark, (1991, 16), after the end of substance abuse treatment around 65% individuals who have treated in different substance abuse centers UK did not remain abstinent. The stages of change for substance use disorders and relapse theoretical models highlights self efficacy as significant role that influence the decision for decreasing substance abuse. The term “self-efficacy” refers to the beliefs in one's capabilities to organize and execute the courses of action required to produce given attainments, and “abstinence self-efficacy” refers to the belief that one can abstain from substance use in various high-risk situations for substance use. The results of literature based on smoking users are mixed and most of the studies revealed that if a person has high abstinence self-efficacy then one can predict that substance use at follow-up can be reduced. Recognizing the self efficacy optimal level is significant as high levels of abstinence self-efficacy depicts overconfidence (rejection).

The aim of the study is to maximize the self efficacy clinical use by highlighting numerous significant issues surrounding between abstinence self-efficacy and abstinence outcomes. The issues which discuss in this study included optimal cutoff recognition by measuring self-efficacy; test for finding whether overconfident individuals in the groups are reliable or not as reflected in the low abstinence average rates.

Background of the study

Further, many researchers report that the level of substance use increases with time lived on the streets. The length of time of homelessness was associated with the prevalence and severity of substance use, and with risk for a substance abuse disorder. Haaga (1990, 200) examined differences in the levels of substance use between newly homeless youth whose length of homelessness was less than six months, and youth whose length of homelessness was more than six months. They found that youth with longer homelessness reported significantly more drug use and drug dependency. Increased substance use has negative consequences both at individual and societal levels. At the individual level, substance use can negatively affect the physical/psychological health and can lead to long-term negative consequences. Also, substance use predicts risky sexual behaviors (e.g., unprotected sex and multiple sexual partners) which are risk factors for HIV infection and/or teen pregnancy. A higher suicide rate is reported among homeless youth, usually by drug overdose. Indeed, suicide and drug overdose have been identified as the leading causes ...