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ANSWER 1

There is no cure for the disease, but there are many treatments that can increase the life of Karen with care. It is essential that she should talk to her doctor for conditions to learn about her illness, and the ways in which it can help to treat it. Techniques of self-help, physical activity, medications and other methods are vital to her well-being. Medical personnel can inform her about the available options for treatment and together can decide the suitable treatment (Ackley, 2008). Classic treatment for this disease had been based on the traditional therapeutic pyramid which consisted in sequential introduction of drugs. Poor results of this strategy and awareness of the bad prognosis of the disease has demanded a revaluation of its therapeutic approach. In this sense, introduction of remission induction agents early in the course of the disease seems appropriate, with the aim of reducing morbidity and functional disability (World Health Organisation, 2001).

ANSWER 2

There are several types of disease being the two most common: rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Such diseases are classified as autoimmune because they have the characteristic of mistakenly attacking some cells and tissues. Rheumatoid arthritis affects the joints through the wear and tears of cartilages and inflammation of the synovial membrane (tissue that lines the joints). It causes severe strain on the joints, especially of the hands and fingers. It is more general disease that appears in women than in men and usually manifests itself between 25 and 55 years of age. The symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis can appear and disappear or stay for varying periods of time (Tack, 1990).

Like rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis is a disease that weakens and commonly wears the ligaments, joints of larger size and support, such as the knees or lumbar spine. Osteoarthritis is the most common arthritis which is usually more painful than rheumatoid arthritis. It is more common in people older than 65 years of age. Osteoarthritis is one of the most common forms of arthritis. Known as wear and tear arthritis, there are treatments which can slow the progression of this chronic disease and relieve pain, but today, there is no cure.

ANSWER 3

As Karen is experiencing a severe pain due to post-surgery, quality initiative procedures need to be implemented for the development of nursing quality and effective pain management. Proper intervention techniques can inflate the probability of significant improvement in the evaluation of pain and increase the chances of likelihood of patients. I will also provide PQRST. It is one of the best method to relive the pain of patient. The health promotion diagnosis for Karen will involve providing care for chest contusion and various other fractures in order to take her back to the level of energy in the body. This will help her to revive her bodily movements and will eventually help in taking her out of trauma of accident.

The other immediate nursing actions can be cold, hot packs, etc to the patient or using any other technique such as medication for pain management (Royal College ...