Quantitative Analysis of Conventional Cooling Versus Absorption Cooling

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ABSTRACT

The study examines the economics (science) of Five chilling schemes: two are conventional vapour compressors schemes and other three are solar (photovoltaic and absorption) chilling schemes. All of these are considered evaluated for distinct occupancies and capabilities on the cornerstone of life-cycle charges/unit of refrigeration output. The water present in air-cooled photovoltaic schemes and absorption scheme are alleged to obtain similar cost of conventional electricity. The study concludes with a point that states occupancy is a foremost component in working out charges / ton-hour and cost / ton of established capability for all the chilling systems. Currently there are no solar chilling scheme can be advised as a viable alternate for the accepted systems. There are many solar systems present in the market, among them the solar schemes that is advised/recommend, is the absorption scheme that is the most reliable and helps to reduce cost between that scheme and the conventional schemes which turns down gradually as occupancy increases.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT2

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION6

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW9

2.1 Vapour Compression and Absorption Systems9

2.1.1 Vapour Compression System9

2.2.2 Vapour Absorption System9

2.2.3 Comparison10

2.2 Basic Refrigeration System and its components10

2.3 Compressor11

2.3.1 Classification Of Compressor11

2.4 Condenser13

2.4.1 Classification of condensers13

2.5 Evaporator15

2.6 Vapour Compression Refrigeration System16

2.6.1 Working17

2.7 Vapour Absorption Refrigeration System18

2.7.1 Working19

2.8 Various designs of absorption refrigeration cycles20

2.8.1 Single-effect absorption system20

2.8.2 Absorption heat transformer21

2.8.3 Multi-effect absorption refrigeration cycle23

2.8.4 Absorption refrigeration cycle with GAX25

2.8.5 Absorption refrigeration cycle with an absorber-heat-recovery26

2.8.6 Half-effect absorption refrigeration cycle27

2.8.7 Combined vapor absorption-compression cycle28

2.8.8 Sorption-resorption cycle31

2.8.9 Dual-cycle absorption refrigeration31

2.8.10 Combined ejector-absorption refrigeration cycle32

2.8.11 Osmotic-membrane absorption cycle35

2.8.12 Self-circulation absorption system using LiBr/water37

CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY39

3.1 Sizing cooling system components39

3.2 Investment cost40

3.3 Positive Externalities41

3.4 Cases and data42

3.5 Comparative assessment of cooling system economics42

3.6 Average system costs43

3.7 Relative importance of cost components44

3.8 Sensitivity analysis46

CHAPTER 4: CASE STUDY (COMPARISON OF SOLAR THERMAL AND PHOTOVOLTAIC OPTIONS FOR TWO DIFFERENT CLIMATES49

4.2 Simulation method51

4.3 Cooling and heating system description52

4.3.1 Solar thermal system54

4.3.2 Assumptions on performance and cost55

4.4.4 Investment costs65

4.4.5 Macroeconomic impact65

4.5 Conclusion69

CHAPTER 5: DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS71

5.1 Comparison Between Water-Ammonia Systems and Lithium Bromide-Water74

5.2 The Principle of Operation of the Machine for Lithium Bromide Absorption75

5.3 Operation or performance coefficient (COP)79

5.4 Operating Characteristics80

5.5 System effect half81

5.6 Double effect system83

5.7 Advantages and Disadvantages of Absorption Refrigeration84

CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSIONS86

REFERENCES88

APPENDIX96

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Basic components of refrigeration system10

Figure 2: Air-cooled condenser14

Figure 3: Evaporative condenser15

Figure 4: Vapour Compression Refrigeration System17

Figure 5: Vapour Absorption Refrigeration System19

Figure 6: A Double-effect absorption cycle25

Figure 7: A Triple-Effect Absorption Cycle26

Figure 8: The Dotted Loop27

Figure 9: The Cycle with Absorber Heat28

Figure 10: schematic diagram of half effect absorption cycle28

Figure 11: Combined Vapor Absorption30

Figure 12: A Double Effect Absorption Compression Cycle30

Figure 13: A combined Cycle30

Figure 14: A Resorption Cycle32

Figure 15: Solar Driven Dual Cycle Absorption32

Figure 16: A Combined Ejector/Absorption System34

Figure 17: A Combined Ejector35

Figure 18: A Combined Cycle36

Figure 19: An Osmotic Memberane Absorption Cycle36

Figure 20: The Diagram Shows a Bubble Pump38

Figure 21: Present Value Of Life-Cycle Per Ton-Hour44

Figure 22: Present Value Of Life-Cycle cost per ton45

Figure 23: Variation Of Percentage Contribution of Cost Components to total cost per ton-hour of refrigeration ...