The pyramids of Egypt are landmarks attesting to the greatness of its civilization. Its topography made it subject to invasion by various groups such as the Hyksos, Nubians, Ethiopians, Persians, Greeks, Romans, Arabs, Turks, French, and British. Until about 3000 B.C.E., Egypt was divided into two kingdoms: the northern kingdom, also called Lower Egypt, which included the Nile delta and the land from present-day Cairo to the sea; and the southern kingdom, or Upper Egypt, which covered the area south of Cairo to Aswan. The legendary king Menes unified the two kingdoms and inaugurated the ...