PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

Stages of psychosocial development by Erik Homburger Erikson



Stages of psychosocial development by Erik Homburger Erikson

Introduction

Besides the psychosexual phases described by Freud , Eric Erikson postulates the psychosocial stages of ego development in which the individual finds a new orientation to themselves and to the persons of his environment, the joy on the child's age limit.For each phase of development tasks are formulated that can be handled positively or negatively. These directions are recorded in the heading of the phases (Kendra, 2010).

Erik Stages of psychosocial development

Trust against mistrust (first year)

The basic trust is created from the experience that exists between the world and according to personal needs. In this phase, an attitude that permeates the whole life long. A newborn child is dependent, it is supplied. These experiences lead to trust in the mother and father. In addition to the experience of trust and distrust is seen in the example, the mother begins to exist not only for the baby, i.e. the child can be alone to keep house, etc. These times, in the newborn is alone, promotes his suspicion. It is important that a child learns trust and distrust. Crucial for a healthy personality development is that developed more confidence (Turnley, 2004).

Autonomy vs. Shame and doubt (2nd, 3rd year)

During this time the Emaciation done by the mother, who is supported by the new skills of walking, speaking and bowel control. The issue of autonomy and shame is transformed into holding on and letting go. Specifically, the child must learn to hold on or let go of things. Freud and Erikson therefore suggest that toilet training, which is indeed referred to by psychoanalysts as anal phase. During this period the child also developed ideas about "I" and "you." He learns that there is a separate being. In order to ensure a healthy development, Erikson points out that the parents are taken as examples.

Initiative vs. Guilt (4th, 5th year)

The child is increasingly differentiated from the environment and tries to discover the reality, which manifests itself in countless questions as well as in trying different roles in the game. Because the child has learned to walk well, it can explore its environment independently. It is important that the infant learns things without help tackle, for example, just to explore all possible objects. This supports the initiative. On the other hand, the child begins to increase with his family to ...