Psychology

Psychology

Part 1: Need to Belong, Achievement Motivation, And Motivation At Work

Motivation is a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior. The early view that instincts control behavior has been replaced by evolutionary theory, which searches for the adaptive functions of behavior. Drive-reduction theory maintains that physiological needs create psychological drives that seek to restore internal stability, or homeostasis. In addition, some motivated behaviors increase arousal, and we are pulled by external incentives. According to Maslow, some motives are more compelling than others. Hunger seems to originate from changes in glucose and insulin levels that are monitored by the hypothalamus, as well as changes in the levels of leptin, orexin, and PYY. To control weight, the body also adjusts its basal metabolic rate. Body chemistry and environmental factors together influence our taste preferences. Psychological influences on eating behavior are most evident in those who are motivated to be abnormally thin(Myers, 2009).

Among the need-based approaches to motivation, Douglas McClelland's acquired needs theory is the one that has received the greatest amount of support. According to this theory, individuals acquire three types of needs as a result of their life experiences. These needs are need for achievement, need for affiliation, and need for power. All individuals possess a combination of these needs (Caspi, 2003).

Finally, those with high need for power want to influence others and control their environment. Need for power may be destructive of one's relationships if it takes the form of seeking and using power for one's own good and prestige. However, when it manifests itself in more altruistic forms, such as changing the way things are done so that the work environment is more positive or negotiating more resources for one's department, it tends to lead to positive outcomes. In fact, need for power is viewed as important for effectiveness in managerial and leadership positions.

Part 2: important aspects and relationships of emotions, stress, and health for psychology, inclusive of theories of emotion, how emotion is expressed and experienced, the relationship of stress and health, and promoting health.

Many Americans are learning more about the connection between good mental health and good physical health. The following are just a few statistics that prove when it comes to your body, your mind really matters. Psychological studies show that your mind and your body are strongly linked. As your mental health declines, your physical health can wear down, and if your physical health declines, it can make you feel mentally "down." A positive outlook can help keep you healthy. 80 percent of Americans say that during the past few years they have become more aware of how their mental health and emotions can affect their physical health (Myers, 2009). Two-thirds of all office visits to family physicians are due to stress-related symptoms . 43 percent of all adults suffer adverse health effects from stress. Consumers report that talk therapy was reportedly more effective than drug therapy for depression and anxiety.78 percent of Americans said they would go to a psychologist if he/she could ...