PREVENTION OF FOOT ULCER IN DIABETES

Prevention of Foot Ulcer in Diabetes



Prevention of Foot Ulcer in Diabetes

Introduction

Diabetes has become one of the biggest problems of the XXI century, especially in developed societies. In Spain, affects 5% of the total population, about 2 million and is a major risk factor in developing atherosclerosis. One of the complications that can occur in diabetics is to develop peripheral vascular disease (PVD) (Lustman et al., 2000, 934-943). Is the most important complications occur such as ischemia and gangrene in the diabetic foot. In our role as teachers or coaches, we must be aware of the evolution of diabetic students, since sometimes we will be those who have more direct contact with the child. Despite not being able to carry out treatment, if we can be the first that we realize that our students may be developing this disease through a series of tests, and contribute by our actions to prevent it (Lustman et al., 2000, 934-943).

Diabetic foot - signs

The initial abnormality is the formation of fingerprints, for example due to ill-fitting shoes causing blistering in patients with sensory disturbances suppress the pain. Most common are cuts and bites caused by foreign bodies, such as needles, nails and glass. The soft tissues in the sick person may be sharp objects, whose presence is not aware of. Therefore, all patients with changes in the rates should be subjected to X-ray. Vascular disease, resulting in decreased blood flow, contributes to climate change but are common infections caused by numerous microorganisms (Manson & Spelsberg, 2004, 172-184).

Diabetic foot syndrome is a complication of diabetes . It occurs in 15% of all patients with diabetes. These changes, which are only an outline being diabetic foot, are a consequence of the existence of diabetic neuropathy. Motor neuropathy in diabetes leads to muscle atrophy and impaired co flexors and extensors, and deformation rate. Sensory neuropathy, sensory disturbance of pain by temperature, touch, increases the risk of injury, which in turn contribute to the formation of ulcers. Autonomic neuropathy results in the formation of arteriovenous fistulas and impaired blood oxygenation, which leads to disorders affecting the trophic ulcers (Rubin & Peyrot, 1998, 81-87).

Pathological changes in the alloy are thus: blood vessels (atherosclerosis), nerves (neuropathy), skin disorder (warmth, elasticity, trophic changes), muscle (atrophy, contractures), and bone (Local osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, avascular necrosis).

Diabetic foot occurs in three forms:

The neuropathic foot

It is the most common form (70% of cases of diabetic foot). It states the rate of hot pink color with a palpable pulse and impaired deep sensation, expressing the impairment of sensation of vibration. There is no pain in motion, will be a slight pain at rest. The structure of the bone is damaged. Treatment takes place in relieving. Painless ulcers are a complication of neuropathic (Wysocki & Buckloh, 2002, 65-99).

The rate of ischemic

This condition is caused by peripheral vascular occlusive. Diagnosis includes history (hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, smoking), intermittent claudication. It states the rate of cold bluish tinge and no palpable pulse on it, necrosis or ...