Pre-School Curriculum for Science and Math

Pre-School Curriculum for Science and Math

Introduction

The preschool is the first stage for the student to start the study and enhance the skills. Many social and psychologists had presented theories about the learning process of children. It is the responsibility of the teacher to have such knowledge which is related to the stunt. In this assignment, the major focus will be on the responsibilities of teacher. How he learns these theories, make planning webs, assess the students and teaching strategies in the class. For the easiness, he took some material for math and science students.

Discussion

Theories of Learning

Jean Piaget

There are various theories which define the development of child in early years. The most famous is of the Jean Piaget. He defined this theory in the four stages of cognitive development (Simply psychology 2012). Cognitive development in a child is the collective name of mental growth owing to biological maturation and experience of the environment. In the following four lines, we will discuss each stage along with how child learn in these stages.

The Sensorimotor stage (birth to 2 years)

This stage is called the sensory because child uses his senses e.g. sight, taste, touch,

hearing, and smell (Cook and Cook, 2005). They coordinate with the world through these senses. In addition, they use motor abilities like the stepping, grasping and sucking to learn a particular task. Usually, in this time period a child passes from many movements before the completion of an action. In this way, he becomes master on the particular task. In the curriculum, there should be the repetitive exercises for the learning of any particular action.

The Pre-operational stage (2 to 7 years)

In this period, the child develops some immature concepts. To share his pre-concepts with the world, he gets help of the symbolic behavior. Jean Piaget used the example of three-mountain task to show the egocentrism in the child. Child view things in his own view, he does not follow the perspective of other peoples. The children are also facing the problem of conservatism in this stage. This problem arises in the shapes, sizes, numbers, length, volume and weight. They have the symbolic behaviors. They use different symbols while presenting anything. Egocentrism, the children are showing their own view of things and reject the other people's perspective. The third stage is the concrete operations which starts from 7 years and ends at 11 years. The important aspects of this stage are the Conservation, Reversibility, and Transitivity. Now he starts to think in this own way. The fourth stage is known as the formal operation. They acquire the deductive logic and solve the problems independently. They know the consequences before doing any action.

Semyonovich Vygotsky

The Russian psychologist, Semyonovich Vygotsky had also given the development theory. In his theory, he emphasized the social environment as the leading factor for the cognitive development in the child. According to him, child can learn up to a specific level(Rosser, 2008). He called it the Zone of Proximal Development ...