POVERTY AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE HORN OF AFRICA: A SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ETHIOPIA

Poverty and development in the Horn of Africa: A Special reference to Ethiopia

Abstract

The poverty trouble is chronic in the Horn of Africa. Majority of the people in the region are suffering from this difficulty. There are plentiful factors that reason poverty in the region. The challenge of poverty lessening in the Horn should consequently address the poverty reduction issues at nationwide, provincial and local levels. A brief review of literature has been made to allow us understand some theories and models that are associated to poverty reduction in the developing economies. This paper delves the occurrence of poverty in the Horn of Africa region. It recognizes the major threats and challenges of the poverty. It highlights diverse factors that cause the poverty and gives some implications to reduce the poverty levels in the Horn region.

Table of contents

Abstract2

Declaration of Originality4

Acknowledgement5

Chapter I6

Introduction6

Research question8

Chapter II9

Review of Literature9

Determinants of poverty in the horn of Africa10

Relief operations in wartime Tigray17

The politics of participation in Ethiopia19

Relief and development programmes21

Food security efforts23

Chapter III29

Food aid targeting: conceptual and empirical issues29

Data sources and samples34

Models and variable construction37

Food aid allocation models37

Income models38

Variable construction38

(i). Household resources39

(ii). Household demographics40

(iii). Community access and agro-climatic covariates40

Results41

(a). National-level allocations to weeredas41

(b). Regional allocations of food aid within weredas45

Probability of receiving food aid45

Endogeneity of household income48

(iii). Values of food aid received by households50

chapter IV54

Post-conflict rehabilitation and development54

Reforms, participatory governance and development thinking58

Recommendationm and Conclusions59

References67

Appendix70

Declaration of Originality

I hereby state that I am the single and only author of this research report. The ideas and opinions expressed in this article are strictly my own, except where borrowed from the available literature on the subject, in which case the ideas are sufficiently cited.

In support of this, I date and sign my name to this Report herewith.

Dated:Signature:

Acknowledgement

I want to dedicate my dissertation to my beloved mother. I want to thank all my teachers and mentors who support me in the course of completion of this dissertation.

Chapter I

Introduction

Poverty is one of the conspicuous features of the developing countries. Today, almost half of the world's population (about three billion people) lives in poverty, earning less than two US dollars per day, and about 1.2 billion live in extreme poverty, trying to survive on less than one US dollar per day. This problem is rampant in Africa particularly in the Horn of Africa. Therefore, Africa is been striving hard to curb the poverty by undertaking various developmental activities for many decades. However, the problem is not handled well by the governments and thus it became a major challenge to the region. (Barrett, C.B. and M.R. Carter, 2004, 45-67)

It is to be observed that the Horn of Africa's land falls in the arid and semi-arid lands where pastoralism based on extensive livestock production serves as the bedrock of livelihoods and culture. Horn of Africa is a place of great diversity and natural beauty, in both its people and the ...