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Post by Ashley Prevatt

Face validity

It is built upon the principle of reading through the plans and assessing the viability of the research, with little objective measurement. Whilst face validity, sometime referred to as representation validity, is a weak measure of validity, its importance cannot be underestimated. This 'common sense' approach often saves a lot of time, resources and stress. In many ways, face validity offers a contrast to content validity, which attempts to measure how accurately an experiment represents what it is trying to measure (McBurney et al. 1994).

Content value

The content value for a statistical test of a hypothesis is defined as the probability, calculated under assumption the the null hypothesis is true, of obtaining a sample result as extreme as, or more extreme than, that observed in a particular direction. This direction is determined by the direction of the one-tailed (or one sided) alternative. As an example, consider the sign test for the null hypothesis that a coin is balanced. The coin is tossed 10 times, and we observe heads 9 times.

Criterion validity

There are many occasions when you might choose to use a well-established measurement procedure (e.g., a 42-item survey on depression) as the basis to create a new measurement procedure (e.g., a 19-item survey on depression) to measure the construct you are interested in (e.g., depression, sleep quality, employee commitment, etc.). This well-established measurement procedure acts as the criterion against which the criterion validity of the new measurement procedure is assessed. Like other forms of validity, criterion validity is not something that your measurement procedure has (or doesn't have) (McNeill 1990).

Construct validity

The simple way of thinking about it is as a test of generalization, like external validity, but it assesses whether the variable that you are testing for is addressed by the experiment. Construct validity is a device used almost exclusively in social sciences, psychology and education. For example, you might design whether an educational program increases artistic ability amongst pre-school children. Construct validity is a measure of whether your research actually measures artistic ability, a slightly abstract label (McBurney et al. 1994).

Multi trait- multi method approach

The Multitrait-Multimethod Matrix (hereafter labeled MTMM) is an approach to assessing the construct validity of a set of measures in a study. It was developed in 1959 by Campbell and Fiske. Along with the MTMM, Campbell and Fiske introduced two new types of validity -- convergent and discriminant as ...