Planning

Planning Function of Management



Planning Function of Management

Introduction

Planning is traditionally presented as a tool for the formulation and implementation of strategic decisions. For some, it is necessary in the management process, for others an obsolete ornament. The concept of planning is used in various senses, and assigns different functions at both the company and the entire national economy.

Discussion

Theories of management, especially management is not a collection of facts; rather a way of thinking about organizations. Management theories provide adequate mechanisms to closely analyze organizations, thus helping us to understand and respond to diagnosing problems and needs. Ways to studying and analyzing organizations are based on behavioral models, methodologies and organizational design. Specialists in these organizations investigate and establish methodologies, measured and published (Kotter & Dan 2002, pp. 100 - 115).

Classical management theories, puts the beginning of the planning function of management, as a project all set to achieve the objectives and measures in this respect. Due to this fact that all other management functions, i.e., organizing, motivating, controlling are aimed at achieving the planned objectives, planning is ahead of all the formerly discussed functions. Therefore, planning should be designed fully and in detail to be reliable, otherwise it could not fulfill its dominant role in the concept of managerial tasks (Kleiman 2010, pp. 70 - 120).

Planning Function of Management

The planning component as a primary management function is used to set management objectives and strategies for the organization and the resources necessary for their implementation. Planning is a specific challenge posed to managers at all levels of management; therefore any successful manager in his or her management activities should not forget it. It is the primary function of defining each subsequent phase (function) management (Kleiman 2010, pp. 70 - 120).

Planning as put forward by Federick Taylor and Henri Fayol, is defined as the process by which managers sets goals and provides a list of work carried out to completion. This step is an analysis of the progress made by the company, the resources it has, the current situation and goals. This first step is important because it allows managers to assess the strengths and weaknesses of the company to improve the situation. Also, it allows managers to evaluate each option, it leads to failure or success and analyze the potential impact of environmental factors such as economic environments, social, technological, legal and ethical in business. Finally, the schedule determines the means used to achieve the objectives.

Dominant management theories, paradigm shifts in planning theory and Taylor's Planning Function

The modern era of management theories started in the early twentieth century (1911), with the classical perspective of management, which includes approaches such as Scientific Management of Administrative Principles. Scientific management, initiated by Frederick Taylor claimed that decisions about organizations and job design should be based on accurate scientific procedures, after having carefully studied the individual situations.

Another management theorists, Henry Fayol proposed fourteen principles of administration, such as "Every subordinate receives orders from only one superior" (control unit), and "similar activities in an organization ...