PHYSIOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT

Physiological Measurement

Physiological Measurement

Physiological Measurement is one of four diagnostic programmes at the Department of Health, central to the delivery of the 18 weeks implementation programme. The term 'Physiological Measurement' has been adopted to reflect those services that predominantly focus on assessing the function of major organ systems (e.g. neurophysiology involves investigating the function of the central and peripheral nervous system and the impact of different pathologies). Engineers are trying to obtain physiological data of the rider in real time, allowing the optimization of the effort in racing and training.

Introduction

Physiological and pathophysiological information obtained from the maximum forced expiratory flow, and its relations with the volume of air exhaled (spirometry, flow-volume curve) is a fundamental pillar in the study of lung function in children and adults. In the infant, do not have the assistance needed to make a move forced vital capacity (FVC). At this age, forced exhalation is achieved with the child sleeping under sedation, using a thoraco-abdominal compression QuickList (CTR) at the end of inspiration, whether in the tidal volume range (flow-volume curves partial CFVP) or, more recently, using a lung volume increased by inflation (flow-volume curves peak, CFVM).

Physiological basis

There is global consensus that the forced vital capacity maneuver (maximal inspiration to total lung capacity and forced expiratory quick to residual volume) provides maximum value parameters for the study of lung function in healthy subjects and patients, especially in the evaluation of airway caliber and its relationship with lung volumes. (Stevens,p.849)

During a forced expiratory maneuver, the expiratory airflow initially increases with increasing pleural pressure, but lung volumes below 75% of FVC, expiratory flow becomes independent of expiratory effort and not continue to rise. The latter is what is known as flow limitation and is the key concept which is based on spirometry, being a key determinant of the high sensitivity and reproducibility of this technique. During a maximal forced expiration, at some point along the airway.Respiratory muscle relaxation and reflects respiratory pause. (Stevens,p. 18)

Infants breathe continuously with few breaks while actively controlling both inspiration and expiration. In order to produce a flow-volume curve is not affected by this forced respiratory cycle, it is necessary to use a method to electively stop breathing. It is known that in infants and adults sleeping, mechanical hyperventilation result in a brief cessation of respiratory effort after a fall in PaCO2 of only 3 to 6 cm H2O. Furthermore, lung stretch receptors, mediated by the vagus, and found in smooth muscle of the airway, would be stimulated by an increase in lung volume or pressure. (Smith,p.51)

Rapid thoracic compression (CTR) and partial PV curves

The CTR is a thoracoabdominal compression performed by the rapid introduction of air into an inflatable device placed in front of the trunk (from sternal notch to symphysis pubis) in turn surrounded by a jacket of inextensible material allowing to inflate the bottom wall to move downward producing a thoracoabdominal compression. In the past, this compression was done in the tidal volume range, starting ...