PHILOSOPHY

Philosophy

Abstract

In this study, we try to explore the concept of personal philosophy in a holistic context. The main focus of the research is on major philosophical areas of inquiry and its relation with personal philosophy. The research also analyzes many aspects of major philosophical area of inquiry and tries to gauge its effect on personal philosophy. I have explained why have selected the philosophy, which describes me best. Finally, I have identified the cultural factor that influenced my choice of philosophy.

Philosophy

A definition of the major philosophical areas of inquiry

Area to be addressed as many issues in philosophical inquiry, but for now, it is considered advisable to start work with four disciplines integrated knowledge or philosophical lines, namely:

Epistemology

Philosophy of Science

Political Philosophy

History of Philosophy

Philosophical currents, which will conduct research to be varied, seek above all, to make prevails the ideal of a pluralistic philosophy, argued, clearly and methodically.

A description of approaches to philosophical questions for each of the major philosophical areas of inquiry

History of Philosophy

Historical traces of the so-called philosophy appear in the West in the ancient Greece, thinkers with the Pre-Socratic, with Socrates, is considered the true father of the discipline, and those who followed his wake (Plato, Aristotle, schools Socratic). The discipline continues to develop to the Hellenistic period, especially with the Stoic, the Epicurean, the cynicism and skepticism, which extend wisdom in the ancient Rome. From the Late Antiquity and middle Ages, the neo-Platonism and Christian philosophy establish a bridge between philosophy and religion, which is closely related to the theology and philosophy, Greco-Arab that develops the medieval philosophy, as evidenced by the importance of scholastic at the time (Copleston, 1999).

Political Philosophy

Political philosophy is the branch of philosophy that studies issues related to political power in the state, government, the law, the politics, the peace, justice and the common good among others. It is considered a branch of practical philosophy next to the philosophy of law and moral philosophy. As a research philosophy, it is distinguished from those conducted by the human sciences (sociology, history, psychology, political science) in that, unlike them that attach to what are historically and specifically, it is based on the search for a universal, guided by the question of the just, the best and legitimate. This research would lead it to the impossibility of its completion it would not change the nature of the research (Hampton, 1997).

Epistemology

Epistemology is the branch of philosophy whose object of study is scientific knowledge. Epistemology as a theory of knowledge, dealing with problems such as the historical, psychological and sociological take on it, and the criteria by which it justifies or invalidates. It is newly created as the object, to which she refers is also emerging. In Greece, the type of knowledge called epistemic opposed to knowledge called "doxa". "Doxa" was common knowledge or ordinary man, not subject to rigorous, critical reflection. The reflective knowledge "episteme" was developed with rigor (Sober, 2001).

Philosophy of Science

Philosophy of science is a part of philosophy that studies the concept, scope and ...

PHILOSOPHY

Different Ways of Dividing Philosophy



Abstract

Philosophy refers to the thoughts and ideas that strive to investigate the nature and answer questions regarding the nature. The word ‘philosophy’ originates from the Greek word the meaning of which is the love of wisdom. Through philosophical discourse, philosopher attempt to develop a body of knowledge that explains the nature. From the historical times to today, the modern science has evolved and made new discoveries based on different philosophical schools of thought. This has lead to the advancement of mankind as man has come to understand more and more about the world he lives in.

Table of Contents

Abstractii

Introduction1

Philosophy1

The Beginning of Philosophy1

Discussion2

The Ionian School2

The Milesian School2

Cosmology3

Vegetarianism3

The Eleatic School3

The Pluralists3

Metaphysics4

Ontological pluralism4

Epistemology4

Skepticism6

Neo-Platonism6

Ancient Philosophies7

Eastern Philosophies7

Medieval Philosophy7

Modern western philosophy8

Philosophy of Mathematics8

Conclusion8

References10

Different Ways of Dividing Philosophy

Introduction

Philosophy

Philosophy is the study of universal and elementary problems, like existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. What distinguishes philosophy from other ways of addressing these problems is the critical and systematic approach this field takes and the rational arguments it builds upon. Philosophy is a Greek word that means ‘love of wisdom’ (Teichmann & Evans, 1999).

The Beginning of Philosophy

The word ‘philosophize’ was used first by the Greek historian Herodotus (484-424 B.C.). He used the word in the context of having a desire for knowledge and its pursuit to answer the question in his mind. Thus, philosophy means a study and investigation into the nature of things. Usually a philosophical study always starts from the philosophy the Greek philosopher Thales (624 B.C.).

All the philosophers throughout history have taken up the scientific ways of explaining things instead of the poetical and mythological accounts. Most of the philosophers reach the formulation of their thesis by observations and reflections upon the natural phenomenon. The science of philosophy i.e. organized and systematized knowledge has evolved to divide into various branches and schools of thought (Teichmann & Evans, 1999).

Discussion

Philosophy can divided in many ways, which are listed below: Greek Philosophical Schools Of Thought

The Ionian School

The Ionian school took the first major step of departure from mythological to scientific explanation of natural phenomena. This school of thought was the one that discovered the scientific principles of the intransience of substance, the natural evolution, and the diminution of quality to quantity. They are often called cosmologists, as they were mostly physicists who studied the nature of matter. These philosophers discovered that matter can change its state. Their philosophies were based on abstract reasoning (Fullerton, 2005).

The Milesian School

This school of thought was established in the 6th century BC. There were three philosophers who were the founders of the Milesian school, namely Thales, Anaximander, and Anaximenes. They brought new opinions that contradicted the commonly held viewpoints on the organization of the world and natural phenomena (Fullerton, 2005). They presented their philosophies of as methodologically observable entities, which were truly scientific in nature.

The Pythagorean School

This school was established by Pythagoras (580-500 BC) it was more religious and mystical than the Ionian school (Fullerton, 2005). Pythagoreanism was the system of esoteric and metaphysical beliefs that ...

BOETHIUS CONSOLATION OF PHILOSOPHY

Boethius Consolation of Philosophy

Boethius Consolation of Philosophy

Book Reflection

The Consolation of Philosophy is a masterpiece of philosophical literature, conceived by the author imprisoned and exiled to await the final opinion of impeachment against him, condemning it to be executed. It consists of five books. Turn is written in verse and prose. It is a dialogue Boethius held by the lady Philosophy. Starting in verse, Boethius recounts his emotionally depressed unhappy fate, which was once prosperous and happy. The problem in such circumstances overwhelms his heart is clearly expressed in the fifth verse of the first book and will be a theme to philosophically throughout the work. In this verse, addressing the Creator of heaven and earth, he questions whether things are still governed by laws established by his will and that men, however, are left to the fickle luck. The underlying problem would be the balance between human freedom and divine will, without falling into fatalism (Boethius & David, 2008).

Boethius begins the book talking about happiness before and analyzing the moral disease which is suffering right now. Boethius in this first poem refers to many things such as poetry, pain, sadness and all the instability and stability. According to Boethius's philosophy is the food of all men, is what protects us all. The cure for the disease of Boethius is "know thyself" by reference (as in much of the poem) to the Platonic philosophy.

Boethius begins a dialogue with philosophy, which asks if he has abandoned. The philosophy is the ability to light up the thought; this is seen in the relationship between the eyes Boethius and the sun. He continued commenting that struggle throughout the story comes the wisdom, philosophy and ignorance. Every philosopher must fight against ignorance and laugh at all the ignorant trying to grab something that has no value and do not recognize the importance, satisfaction and consolation of philosophy. Sage is praised for philosophy since this is despised all dangers in the world (Boethius & David, 2008).

Boethius says that he is not guided by wisdom will fall on the hazards of fame, fortune and tyrants, and that philosophy is our guardian angel. Boethius is in this danger and start a dialogue with the philosophy to which he asks that he has fallen into such disgrace if he never left her side, unlike the ignorant who do not appreciate the real value of things. Boethius in this dialogue with philosophy is reproached for his present misfortune, since he never left it and followed all his steps. Boethius is dedicated to discussing all things he has done under the influence of philosophy for her to take this into account. He complains of the security guarantee is not obtained by having fought for others and love to justice.

In this first book, there is the diagnosis of Boethius and is already in the second begins to Consolation. Boethius is screaming his pain and when philosophy includes his disgrace and exile and says that while away ...