Personal rights, Sexual Harassment, Diversity, and Affirmative Action

Personal rights, Sexual Harassment, Diversity, and Affirmative Action

Personal Rights

When human rights are subjective rights, referred to each person entitled to equal. The concept of personal rights assumes that all people equipped solely on the basis of their humanity with equal rights and that these egalitarian justified rights are universal, inalienable and indivisible. The idea of human rights closely linked to the humanism and in the age of Enlightenment idea developed of the natural law. The existence of personal rights, now used by almost all States recognized principle. The universality is nevertheless the basis of political debates and controversies. Personal rights, now commonly understood as defensive rights of the citizen against the state to protect its sphere of freedom. However, because human rights threatened by a third party, it assumed that in addition to every human law, a state duty to protect one, with only a human right in full can be realized. With the ratification, of international human rights treaties, as well as its grounding in their federal constitutions commit the States, the fundamental rights and international law to implement increasingly to embody as justifiable rights. In a narrower sense, the term "human rights" as an antonym of " civil rights "understood: it is then available for basic rights granted to all people regardless of nationality (Kerr & Bailey, 2004).Sexual harassment

In the United States, a proposal on sexual harassment explains the concept as follows: When a gender-related behavior, which manifests itself in verbal, non verbal or physical, the violation of a person's dignity or creating an intimidating, hostile, degrading, humiliating, insulting or purpose or effect dominated environment. In the proposal, that contains provisions in Article 2. This policy established in 2002 at the instigation of Ministers for Employment and Social Affairs Commissioner. This policy is an extension of the directive on equal treatment between men and women from the year 1976. The main points of this policy are:

Above definition of what the sexual harassment is and that the offense of discrimination met.

A definition of discrimination (less favorable treatment on grounds of gender), which in accordance with Article 13 and is due on this contract enacted legislation to combat discrimination (direct and indirect), 

new provisions for the enforcement of the rights to this legislation and the elimination of a cap on compensation payments

it is irrelevant to the proceedings, if the / the data subject has resisted or tolerated the harassment,

Associations (e.g. unions) may take the legal steps in favor of the victims on whose behalf,

Establish a referral to the Member States, a new agency to monitor the enforcement of these laws for equality between men and women, these authorities have the task of assisting complaining directly to victims,

Employers obliged to "preventive measures" to eliminate or prevent all forms of gender-based discrimination and implement enforce this by "operating programs on gender equality measures" and expanding the rights of both parents to return to work after parental leave (Roumeliotis & Kleiner, 2005; Apodaca & Kleiner, 2001).

Diversity in Public Sector

The theme of diversity is plural; this article chose to ...