Pattern Evidence



Pattern Evidence

Introduction

One of the widely used kinds of evidence that the investigators can collect and detect at a scene of crime is the pattern and impression evidence. Any forensic evidence that can be examined, investigated and read from a particular kind of pattern left by the physical contact is pattern evidence. This psychical contact can be among objects and persons like the automobile and victim, diverse people like the assailant and victim and diverse objects like the wall and automobile. Such kinds of pattern evidence can outcome in different designs like the imprints, depositions, residues, stripped markings, and recesses.

On the body of the victim when the injuries happen and are known as the patterned injuries can sometimes recognize the aspects of the object or assailant and explain the particular attributes of the injuries (NRC, 2009). Burns result, for instance, when an assailant pushes the victim into the container or box of hot water. Characterized as bilateral (emerging on both sides) and symmetrical (balanced) the burns give a sensible preliminary sign that these burns were planned and deliberate. For the most part, the pattern evidence is permanent in nature and is usually contrasted to the transient evidence that is the evidence which is impermanent and naturally provisional.

The paradigms of the transient evidence that can be disappeared or changed with no trouble comprise of the vapors, temperature and odors. When specializing in the pattern evidence, the forensic scientists execute various diverse kinds of methods and instruments to resolve the physical and chemical of the pattern evidence (NIJ, 2013). These professionals also execute investigations of the scenes of crime to preserve and collect the pattern evidence with the intention of reconstructing the pertinent events through the examination of these patterns.

Fingerprints

The personal identification that is based on the fingerprints is characteristically practiced in the forensic laboratories and for the classification of units around the globe. The fingerprints pattern evidence is accepted in the Courts of Law for about a century. The fingerprints pattern evidence is based on two fundamental premises. These are:

The details of the fingerprints are permanent.

The fingerprints of all the individuals are unique and distinctive.

By the empirical and experimental observations, the validity of the first premise is instituted. This also includes the surveillances based on the morphogenesis and anatomy of the friction ridge skin. In the recent court cases, the second premise is being challenged and confronted (Su, & Srihari, 2010). The concept of the individuality of the fingerprints has been extensively acknowledged and is based on the inspection of the millions of fingerprints by the experts manually.

However the fundamental scientific basis of the individuality of the fingerprints is not tested or studied meticulously. The US Department of Justice, in the year 2000 declared that no such kind of testing is performed or carried out however they acknowledged that the execution for such a study is required. The National Institute of Justice, in response of this executed an official solicitation for the “Forensic Friction Ridge (Fingerprint) Examination Validation ...