PARSON'S THEORY

Parson's Theory

Parson Theory

Introduction

Talcott Parsons (1902-1979) is one of the most important sociologists of the second half of 20th century. During that time period, number of theorists formulated the principles of functionalism. In the writings of Parsons, he has devoted considerable attention to the problem of social order. It came from the fact of the social life of the more typical "mutual benefit and peaceful co-operation than mutual hostility and destruction", in which he has argued that only a commitment to shared values provide the basis of social order. Through his theoretical basis, he has illustrated examples of commercial transactions. When the transaction concerned the contracts are based on regulations (Wes & Sharrock et.al , 2003,pp.257-289). From the Parson's point of view, the fear of sanctions for violations of the rules is not enough to get people to follow them to the correspondence. The main role is played by moral obligations. Therefore, the rules governing commercial transactions should result from the generally accepted values that indicate what proper right is. Hence, the order in the economic system based on a general agreement about the commercial morality. This paper focuses on the Parson's Theory of modern society.

Discussion

Parson's Theory of Modern Society

Parsons sees society as a type of social subsystem, which has the highest degree of self-sufficiency with respect to the environment that is natural and social. It consists of four systems which are considered as organs that perform a certain function of the structure of society:

Societal community, consisting of a set of standards of conduct that serves to integrate into society

Subsystem preservation and reproduction of the sample, consisting of a set of values ??and serves to reproduce the pattern of a typical social behavior

Political subsystem, which serves to set and reach goals

Economic (adaptive) subsystem, which includes a set of roles of people in interaction with the physical world.

The core of the society, according to Parsons, is a societal subsystem consisting of different people, their statuses and roles that need to be integrated into the whole. Societal community is a complex network (horizontal relationships) interpenetrating typical groups and group loyalties: families, businesses, churches, etc. Each type of group is composed of many individual families, businesses and the like, which include a number of people. Parsons is part of the evolution of living systems and believed on social evolution. Therefore, following prior searches, he argued that there is a parallel relation between the emergence of the human species and the emergence of modern societies view. All human beings, according to biologists originate of the same species. Therefore, it can be assumed that all societies have evolved from one type of society. All societies go through the following stages:

Primitive

Advanced primitive

Intermediate

Modern

The primitive type of society (primitive communal society) is characterized by homogeneity of its systems. The basis of social bonds forms kinship and religious ties. Members of the public have the status assigned to them by society as largely independent of age and sex.

Advanced primitive society is characterized by separation of the primitive subsystem (political, religious, and economic). The role of prescribed status weakens: people's lives are increasingly defined by their ...