ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR

Organizations and Behaviours



Introduction2

Discussion2

1.1 Compare and contrast different organizational structures and culture of BT and Ryanair2

1.2 The impact of structure and culture on the performance of a business4

1.3 Factors which influence the behaviour of an individual at work6

2.1 Different leadership styles using specific organizations6

2.2 How organizational theory underpins the practice of management7

2.3 Different approaches to management used by different organizations8

3.1 Discuss the impact that different leadership styles have on motivation in organizations9

3.2 Different motivational theories within the workplace10

Maslow's Theory of Motivation10

Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory10

Vroom's Theory of expectation11

3.3 Usefulness of Motivational Theories11

Employee Satisfaction11

Performance12

Employee Attitude12

Efficiency12

Conclusion12

References14

Appendices16

Organizations and Behaviours

Introduction

It is often seen that, in any company or business, the behaviours of people is interlinked with one another and may fluctuate with every change. Researches and studies show that, each and every part or feature of organizational model is interconnected with one another. It may affect the organizational behaviour (human behaviour). Some of these elements or traits bring inverse affect on the human or organizational behaviour. These organizational issues or problems may greatly influence the performance of the employees as well as the integrity of the business. Most common issues may include cultural issues, group issues, productivity issues, technological issues and leadership issues (Storey, 2013). In this essay, a detailed overview of organizational structure, culture, style and motivation will be given.

Discussion

1.1 Compare and contrast different organizational structures and culture of BT and Ryanair

All organizations irrespective of size and industry are following a particular structure which suits them. Basically, organizational structure defines the company's line of authority, supervision and coordination (Daft 2009). The structure of organization is directly linked with the company's goals, objective and objectives for which it is operating. The complex nature of management compelled researchers to find different structures which give maximum efficiency, control and administration. Among them, four types of structures are common and also largely applied.

Tall Structure: It is also called vertical structure because there are multiple levels of management. Like military, there is one long chain in which Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of company sits at the highest level.

Flat Structure: It is also called horizontal structure because there are few levels and employees are enjoying more freedom.

Hierarchal structure: like tall structure, there are many management layers, but the key difference is that every group or department has immediate boss for the instructions and submitting reports. This is most popular as well as widely applied structure of organizations (Daft 2009).

Centralized and Decentralized: In centralized, decisions are taken at highest level and instructions are passed down. Whereas in decentralized, the power of taking decisions is divided among some senior members of organization.

At BT Group, flat structure is followed (Appendices: 1). At the highest level is Board which is composed of four members e.g. Chairman, CEO, Group Finance Director and Group General Counsel & Company secretary. After that there is layer of six Non-Executive Directors. The third layer comprises of six Board Committees namely Equity of Access, Audit & Risk, Remuneration, Nominating & Governance, BT ...