Oppositional Defiance Disorder



Oppositional Defiance Disorder

Introduction

Oppositional defiant disorder is a mental disorder found in children, which is characterized by a pattern of hostile, antagonistic, angry, vindictive, irritable or negative behavior which last for more than six months and frequently occurring observed typically in child's behavior during developmental stages. Children who are identified with Oppositional defiance disorder do not meet up the clinical diagnostic criteria for conduct disorder (www.healthofchildren.com, 2012).

Discussion

History

The history has not been completely understood of the disorder by the studies and researchers. But the majority of individuals who have been diagnosed with ODD during childhood will later be capable of developing a constant pattern of Oppositional defiant behavior, which is very effective or disorder without coexisting disorders. Since all the individuals are different some might continue without the coexisting conditions. This can lead to anxiety, depression or ADHD later in life in the children who were diagnosed with this disorder at a very young age such elementary or preschool. In the wider sense the severe the disorder the longer and the poorer the prognosis is (Hamilton.S.S, Armando. J, 2008).

Etiology

Since there is no specific or single cause or even risk for oppositional defiant disorder, agreed by the researchers, it is better to understand this as a biopsychosocial model background where the child's defensive and helpless factors communicate complexly with the harmful and protective aspects of the individuals surroundings to the analyze the chances of developing this disorder.

Different theories have various concepts about the children possessing ODD reflects shortage of communication skills which lead to the ODD. This apparently leads to a noncompliant child, who bursts in response to the parental requests and may lack the emotional or cognitive skills which are required to fulfill the demand of the adults. The child may not have sufficient reasoning for over reacting emotionally or losing its capacity because that sufficient skill might not have developed. The child may experience the deficit of many cognitive skills such as ability to change task, organize problem solving or active memory, which lessens the ability to cope with the adult demands. These are some transactional concepts which show the shortage of skills and components in a child, which is mainly the communication with parents and other children highlighting their behavior. In this disorder parents behavior with other matters a lot as well (Hamilton.S.S, Armando. J, 2008).

Neurobiologic theories have been discovered to study the aggression. Neropinephrine, serotonin and dopamine are the brain transmitters that have been studied to inspect the role of in aggression. But not even a single origin has been identified. ODD is a very clear family issue but there are studies still done in order to discover the role of genetics to determine this disorder. Smoking and alcohol could have been the reasons as well during pregnancy to be the cause of this disorder, harming the child, but still these are not confirmed.

The causes of oppositional defiant disorder

The main cause of oppositional defiant disorder haven't been known yet, but is considered that a ...